星载微波传感器大气温湿度物理反演算法研究

针对我国下一代静止轨道微波探测器资料应用的需求,对微波50~60GHz和183GHz的温湿遥感通道开展了不同大气条件下探测敏感高度的模拟,发现大气散射对微波探测影响明显,尤其是近地面通道,在未来数据应用时需加以注意。提出一种基于一维变分的大气温湿度廓线物理反演算法。以美国最新一代气象卫星Suomi NPP搭载的ATMS(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder)获取的观测资料为研究对象,RTTOV(Radiative Transfer for TOVS)快速辐射传输模式为前向算子,利用一维变分算法开展了温湿度廓线反演单点试验。研究发现:地表参数对微波亮温,尤其是地面通道影响较大。同时,反演所需背景场对反演结果影响较明显,反演所得温度与背景场较接近。     

环境减灾-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测中的应用

以2010-2011年发生在山东省的秋、冬、春三季连旱为例,介绍了环境减灾-1B（HJ-1B）卫星遥感数据在干旱监测中的应用。获取了山东省干旱发展顶峰时段的HJ-1B卫星采集的多光谱和热红外遥感影像,利用ENVI 4.7遥感数据处理平台对山东全省的归一化植被指数和地面温度进行了反演,在此基础上计算了山东全省的植被供水指数,并据此将山东省的干旱情况划分为5级,对该干旱监测结果进行了分析。为了验证结论的可靠性,将干旱监测结果与全国降水距平百分率进行了对比,对比结果表明两者一致性较好。文章提供了HJ-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测方面的一个实例,其监测结果为相关减灾部门的救灾工作提供了重要的参考,同时也为HJ-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测方面的业务化运营提供了一个通用的方法。     

星载SAR海洋场景仿真与反演方法综述

研究SAR海洋目标仿真与反演方法,可提高海洋SAR卫星系统的总体设计能力和海洋图像的应用水平.文章根据星载SAR海洋场景成像机理,对风、浪、内波、锋面等海洋现象的成像模型与反演算法进行了总结,并综述了算法理论现状,分析了SAR海洋场景仿真与反演的研究难点及未来发展趋势,可为我国海洋SAR卫星的总体设计提供参考.     

Refinements in the data analysis of VIRTIS-M-IR Venus nightside spectra

The successful long-duration radiation measurements performed by the VIRTIS instrument aboard ESA’s Venus Express spacecraft have provided an excellent collection of atmospheric and surface data that stand out due to their high temporal and spatial coverage of the planet and due to a high diversity of measurement and environmental conditions.     

计算机情报检索技术浅谈

文章对计算机情报检索技术中的方法及应用作了叙述。指出了文献检索中将会遇到的问题及解决的办法。给出了检索实例和结论。     

气动力辅助椭圆轨道转移技术研究

研究了两种共面椭圆轨道最优转移方法--基于单纯推力的双脉冲对称转移和基于气动力辅助变轨技术的协同机动方法。推导了双脉冲对称转移问题中转移椭圆轨道的求解公式,采用遗传算法求解最优变轨点位置,给出了变轨脉冲的计算方法。将气动力辅助对称转移过程分为3段：真空飞行段、大气飞行段、真空飞行段。以能量最小为性能指标,将大气飞行段轨迹优化问题转化为标准最优控制问题模型,并利用Gauss伪谱法进行求解,得到“巡航+滑行+巡航+滑行”的大气最优飞行轨迹。最后对两种转移方法进行详细比较,指出初始椭圆轨道近地点越接近大气层,气动力辅助对称转移方法比双脉冲对称转移方法越节省能量。     

基于退步控制方法的绳系卫星回收张力控制

利用退步控制方法研究了绳系卫星系统TSS(Tethered Satellite System)的平面内回收控制问题,提出了一种新的张力控制律.该控制律设计由两步组成:首先利用退步控制将摆角稳定到目标值,然后通过设计摆角的目标值实现系绳的回收和回收速度的控制.控制率设计了分段连续的目标角度方案和延时环节,可以使TSS回收过程各状态量变化平滑.数值仿真结果表明,该控制律在圆轨道、近圆轨道和大偏心率的椭圆轨道都有很好的控制效果.     

Nighttime cloud properties retrieval using MODIS and artificial neural networks

In this work a methodology for inferring water cloud macro and microphysical properties from nighttime MODIS imagery is developed. This method is based on the inversion of a theoretical radiative transfer model that simulates the radiances detected in each of the sensor infrared bands. To accomplish this inversion, an operational technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed, whose main characteristic is the ability to retrieve cloud properties much faster than conventional methods. Furthermore, a detailed study of input data is performed to avoid different sources of errors that appear in several MODIS infrared channels. Finally, results of applying the proposed method are compared with in-situ measurements carried out during the DYCOMS-II field experiment.     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

卫星遥感农业监测系统中实例检索算法研究

针对智慧农业中需求获取手段、表达方法等导致智能设计算法复杂度高、可用性低等问题，将卫星遥感技术和网络技术结合实现农作物及其生长环境参数的实时监测，以优化播种机设计的需求特征，并以此为基础，提出基于混合相似度的实例检索模型。在该模型中，设计了多级实例库结构，并以特征间距离相似度、特征间可拓关联度、特征间可拓距测度为组成要素，构造多级混合相似度的层次结构与计算方法，进行多级实例检索。将其应用到铲式播种机的数字化设计系统中，可获得与目标实例最相似的实例。实验结果表明，在实例的特征值数据类型多样化的情况下，此算法能够有效地检索出合适的历史实例，提高检索结果的可用性。