测量超光滑表面粗糙度参数的反散射计算研究

介绍一种高分辨力、无接触式测量超光滑表面粗糙度参数的反散射计算测量技术。实现该技术的测量装置的角分辨力为0.1°。它可以测量导体或非导体表面纳米级精确度的粗糙度。     

镜反射凹面及相互可视表面的轨道外热流计算

通过对空间表面所受外热流以及镜反射表面所具有的特性的分析，提出了采用蒙特卡罗法计算镜反射凹面及镜反射相互可视表面的轨道热流的方法，并对半球凹面和两相互垂直可视平板的轨道热流进行了计算。     

不同磁暴条件下GEO卫星表面充电电位分布

文章利用1989-2004年间"Los Alamos"7 颗地球同步轨道卫星的数据对不同磁暴条件下处于地球同步轨道高度等离子体片区域的卫星表面充电电位和热电子(0.03~45 keV)温度随地方时的分布及随磁暴发生时间的变化规律进行统计分析.根据对磁层顶电流修正后的Dst指数(Dst*)将磁暴分成弱磁暴、强磁暴以及超大磁暴.在随地方时的分布上,弱磁暴时卫星最可能在午夜后侧负向强充电(＞800 V);随着磁暴强度的增加,在超大磁暴情况下该区域会沿东西方向扩展到夜晚21时到凌晨4时的区域.在随磁暴发生时间的分布上,弱磁暴下卫星表面充电到高负电位主要发生在Dst*最低点前3 h和后2 h的时刻,强磁暴下主要发生在Dst*最低点时刻,而超大磁暴下主要发生在恢复相,持续时间达十几个小时.表面电位的分布规律和热电子温度的分布规律表现一致:卫星表面负电位超过100 V的区域主要集中在热电子温度大于2 keV的区域,而表面负电位最可能超过800 V的区域主要集中在热电子温度大于2.5 keV的区域.通过统计分析看出,对于那些极可能发生高负电位充电(＞8 kV)情况下的卫星表面电位分布与磁暴的强弱并无明显的相关性,但发现在弱磁暴情况下明显集中在正午前侧区域.     

Inconel718多通道放电烧蚀铣削加工技术研究

为了提高高温合金Inconel718电火花放电烧蚀加工效率,改善工件表面质量,使用多通道放电烧蚀加工新方法对Inconel718进行多通道放电烧蚀铣削加工试验。研究表明:在多通道放电烧蚀加工过程中,放电通道的个数是随机的;在一个脉冲放电周期中,随着通道数目的增加,电压波形呈阶梯下降,总回路电流波形呈阶梯上升。对比常规电火花烧蚀加工,多通道放电烧蚀加工的总回路电流提高,使得材料蚀除率提高73.7%;同时,多通道放电分散放电能量,使得多通道放电烧蚀加工后工件表面粗糙度较常规电火花烧蚀加工下降14.6%,工件表面微裂纹变少,裂纹的宽度和长度变小。     

刀具磨损对TC11铣削表面粗糙度与残余应力的影响

为了研究TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中刀具磨损对加工表面质量的影响规律,设计了刀具磨损与铣削表面粗糙度、表面残余应力的试验。结果表明:TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中的刀具磨损可以分为:初期磨损、正常磨损、剧烈磨损三个阶段。当刀具处于"初期磨损"时,TC11铣削表面粗糙度随切削时间逐渐减小,铣削表面残余应力也呈减小趋势;当刀具处于"正常磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度和铣削表面残余应力都呈增加趋势,但增加的速度平稳;当刀具进入"剧烈磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度迅速增大,表面残余应力也较前两个阶段显著增加。另外,试验过程中的TC11铣削表面残余应力均表现为压应力。     

基于LDA的航线潜在价值挖掘模型

在分析了传统的主题模型后提出了一种基于LDA的航线潜在价值挖掘模型。该模型将旅客出行行为的分析划分成两个阶段,出行意图的确定及出行意图下航线的选择,并与旅客价值进行融合来挖掘航线的潜在价值。出行意图采用Gibbs sampling方法从旅客出行记录中获取,航线则在旅客确定出行意图后由出行意图的航线向量获得,旅客价值则结合出行中的舱位信息进行提取。在中国民航旅客订票数据集上的实验表明,本文模型在2010年和2011年两个数据集上获得的两组航线潜在价值序列比pLSI模型和senLDA模型获得的两组航线潜在价值序列都拥有更好的有序相关性,且在挖掘排名前5的航线潜在价值时,本文模型在该两个数据集上获得了两组完全一致的航线潜在价值序列,表明其在挖掘高潜在价值航线方面的优势。     

星用介质材料表面充放电效应试验研究

航天器表面介质材料易遭受表面充放电危害。利用30keV单能电子对几种不同的航天介质材料进行了表面充放电模拟试验,测量了不同电子通量辐照下的表面充电电位以及放电脉冲。试验结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜在接地处理不当时表面可充至千伏以上,易发生表面放电,且辐照强度越大,放电频率越高。表面镀铝的聚酰亚胺薄膜在不接地时,铝膜成为悬浮导体更加剧了放电的危害。而通过渗碳处理的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其良好的导电性能可有效抵御nA/cm~2量级电子的表面充电。聚四氟乙烯天线罩表面未进行防静电处理时,表面充电电位可达万伏量级,极易发生放电。     

Thermoelastohydrodynamic analysis of misaligned bearings with texture on journal surface under high-speed and heavy-load conditions

Hydrodynamic journal bearings are used to support the planetary gears in the transmission system of a Geared Turbo Fan engine, and they operate under severe working conditions, such as misalignment, high speed, and heavy load. Surface texture is regarded as an effective approach to improve mechanical properties under severe working conditions. However, the effects of surface texture on misaligned journal bearings under severe conditions have not been well studied. Therefore, a thermoelastohydrodynamic(TEHD) lubricating model with a textured and misaligned journal is presented in this study. Solid deformation, heat transfer between oil and the bearing, and heat convection between air and the bearing are considered in the model. The effects of cavitation and viscosity-temperature are also taken into account. The impacts of surface texture parameters and the misalignment angle on lubricating properties are investigated in the model. Results indicate that the bearing lubricating performance is greatly improved by optimal surface texture considering journal misalignment. The maximum oil film pressure and load-carrying capacity of a journal bearing increase with journal misalignment. Meanwhile, the oil film temperature increases sharply while considering misalignment.     

Experimental study of effect of post processing on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth performance of selective laser melting Ti-6Al-4V

For Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy increasingly used in aerospace structure, selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive additive manufacturing technology, which is attributed to its complex construction capability with high accuracy and good surface quality. In order to obtain qualified mechanical properties, SLM parameters and post processing should be tailored for diverse service conditions. Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior are critical characteristics for damage tolerance evaluation of such metallic structures, and they are affected by post processing technologies significantly. The objective of this study is to obtain the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by SLM, and to evaluate the influence of post-SLM thermomechanical treatment and surface machining. Fracture toughness and FCG tests were performed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V in three types of post processing status: as-built, heat treated and hot isostatically pressed (HIPed), respectively. Specimens with as-built and machined surface were tested. The microstructure and fractography were analyzed as well in order to investigate the relevance among manufacture process, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V presents poor ductility and FCG behavior due to martensitic microstructure and residual stresses. Both heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing improve the plane-stress fracture toughness and FCG performance considerably, while surface machining shows slight effect.     

铣削参数对7055-T6铝合金耐腐蚀性的影响

文摘研究了铣削工艺参数对切削力、表面粗糙度、轮廓与形貌、自腐蚀电位和电流密度的影响。结果表明:随着切削速度的增大,切削力与表面粗糙度呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化规律;随着轴向切深的增加,切削力与表面粗糙度都呈增大的趋势;铣削后刀面对已加工表面的挤压改善了铝合金的腐蚀性能;切削转速为4 000 r/min,轴向切深为0.25 mm时,加工表面耐腐蚀性能最优;在较大的轴向切深下,已加工表面易产生微裂纹,而导致腐蚀加剧。