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331.
Stefaan Van wal Simon Tardivel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(1):411-435
The impact of nonspherical bodies is complex, even at low velocities where contacting bodies are assumed to be rigid. Models of varying complexity (e.g. finite element methods) can be used to evaluate such impacts, but it is advantageous to use impulsive models such as that by Stronge, which are computationally inexpensive and governed by (fixed) material interaction coefficients. Stronge’s model parameterizes nonspherical rigid-body impacts with energetic restitution and Coulomb friction coefficients. This model was successfully used in large-scale simulations of ballistic lander deployment to asteroids and comets, whose trajectories involve dozens of chaotic bounces. To better understand the complex dynamics of these bouncing trajectories, this paper performs a dedicated study of idealized bouncing in two dimensions and on a flat plane, in order to limit the involved degrees of freedom. Using a numerical implementation of Stronge’s model, the motion of a bouncing square is simulated with different impact conditions: the square’s impact attitude, velocity, and mass distribution as well as the surface restitution and friction coefficients. The simulation results are used to investigate how these conditions affect the bouncing motion of the square, with a distinction between first impacts with zero angular velocity and successive impacts in which the square is spinning. This reveals how a single “macroscopic” bounce that separates two ballistic arcs may often consist of multiple micro-impacts that occur in quick succession. For the different impact conditions, we show how the number of micro-impacts per macro-bounce varies, as well as the normal, tangential, and total kinematic restitution coefficients. These are different from the energetic material restitution coefficient that parameterizes the impact. Finally, we examine how the settling time and distance of the bouncing trajectories change. These trends provide insight into the bouncing motion of ballistic lander spacecraft in small-body microgravity. 相似文献
332.
Xinggang Zhang Shuanggen Jin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Global positioning system (GPS) observations can be used to estimate the geocenter motion, but are subjected to large uncertainties and effects due to uneven distribution of GPS stations and high-degree aliasing errors. In this paper, uncertainties and effects on geocenter motion estimates from global GPS observations are investigated and assessed with different truncated degrees and selected GPS network distributions based on different plate motion models, including NUVEL-1A, MORVEL56 and ITRF08. Results show that the selected GPS stations have no big effects on geocenter motion estimates based on different plate motion models, while large uncertainties are found at annual and semi-annual components when using different truncated degrees. Correlations of geocenter motion estimates from selected GPS networks with GRACE and SLR are better with truncated degree 3, and higher truncated degrees will degrade geocenter estimates. Smaller RMS also shows better results with the truncated degree 3 and the NUVEL1A has the worse results because more GPS sites are eliminated. For annual signal with truncated degree 3, four GPS strategies can reduce annual amplitudes by about 29.2% in X, 5.6% in Y, and 27.9% in Z with respect to truncated degree 1. Annual phases of all GPS solutions from MORVEL56 and ITRF08 are almost close to the GRACE solution with truncated degrees from 3 to 10, while the semi-annual signals are relatively weaker for all cases. 相似文献
333.
Yonglong Zhang Junfeng Li Xiangyuan Zeng 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(10):3328-3342
Asteroids are coming to be a popular topic in the areas of astrophysical studies and deep space exploration recently. However, surface dynamics of asteroids is still a difficult problem. This paper aims at the motion analysis of surface particles for different asteroids. The dynamical analysis method of particles’ movement is given for three parts: global motion trend, local motion trend and static analysis. A dimensionless parameter ζ is defined to distinguish the predominant term to determine the distribution of effective potential. Three kinds of common asteroids: spheroidal asteroid, spindle-shaped asteroid and dumbbell-shaped asteroid are all discussed for those three parts with different parameter ζ. The motion trend of particles on the surface of each kind of asteroid is given. The static analysis of surface particles for different asteroids is also illustrated. Based on them, some common rules for different shaped asteroids are revealed. This paper could not only provide a reference for asteroid exploration missions but also be meaningful for the research of morphologic evolution of asteroids. 相似文献
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电子束熔化成形技术(EBM)具有成形速度快、能量利用率高和真空环境无污染等优点,适合于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的制备,在航空航天、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用。然而,EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金构件仍然存在的内部孔隙、粗糙的表面和残余拉应力等缺陷,严重影响了成形件的疲劳性能。通过工艺参数的优化及后处理工艺,如热等静压和表面处理等,可以显著改善EBM成形件的疲劳性能。综述了EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形工艺、微观组织、力学性能和典型的应用现状。重点讨论了影响疲劳性能的因素,并总结了一些提高疲劳性能的后处理方法。最后对EBM技术未来的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
337.
Rita Pongracz Judit Bartholy Zsuzsanna Dezso 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2006,37(12):2191-II
Urban heat island (UHI) effects on the ten most populated cities of Hungary, including the Budapest agglomeration area, were analyzed using remotely sensed data. Day- and night-time surface temperature time series observed by sensor MODIS on satellite Terra were used to determine UHI intensities. UHI intensity was defined as the difference in spatially averaged surface temperatures between urban and surrounding rural pixels. Spatial structures of UHIs were determined and compared for different seasons and macrocirculation conditions. 相似文献
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航空液压作动器普遍应用在飞机机翼、舱门、起落架等部位,往复密封为其典型密封形式,密封失效会 严重影响飞机任务的执行和飞行安全。密封副表面粗糙度是重要的工程可控参数且对于密封性能的影响很 大,因此分析表面粗糙度对作动器密封性能的影响具有重要的理论和实际意义。建立适用于往复组合密封的 确定性混合润滑数值仿真模型,并与有限元分析方法结合计算膜厚值,分析密封圈表面粗糙的幅值和波长变化 以及运动速度和液压油黏度变化对密封圈润滑性能和密封性能的影响。结果表明:正弦粗糙表面的幅值和波 长增大,会引起油膜压力和油膜厚度波动的幅值增大,但会减小摩擦系数;正弦粗糙表面的幅值增大,有利于减 小密封间隙的最小膜厚和泄漏量,但是波长变化的影响作用不大;液压油黏度和活塞运动速度增大,有利于增 大密封间隙油膜厚度,但会增大泄漏量和摩擦系数。 相似文献
340.
Pravesh Kumari William E. Carter Ramesh L. Shrestha 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Surface matching is a well researched topic in both Computer Vision (CV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or ground based light detection and ranging (LiDAR), but the extent of the range images derived from these technologies is typically orders of magnitude smaller than those derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS), also known as airborne LiDAR. Iterative closest point (ICP) and its variants have been successfully used to align and register multiple overlapping views of the range images for CV and TLS applications. However, many challenges are encountered in applying the ICP approach to ALS data sets. In this paper, we address these issues, explore the possibility of automating the algorithm, and present a technique to adjust systematic discrepancies in overlapping strips, using geometrical attributes in a given terrain. In this method, the ALS point samples used in the algorithm are selected depending on their ability to constrain the relative movement between the overlapping laser strips. The points from overlapping strips are matched through modified point to plane based on the ICP method. 相似文献