Low light intensity effects on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity,yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS

Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing crop productivity are major challenges to growing plants in Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for future long-term space mission. As a primary source of energy, light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low light intensity at different stages on growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic efficiency, biological production and antioxidant defence systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during ontogenesis. Experiments were divided into 3 intensity-controlled stages according to growth period (a total of 65 days): seedling stage (first 20 days), heading and flowering stage (middle 30 days) and grain filling stage (last 15 days). Initial light condition of the control was 420 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the light intensity increased with the growth of wheat plants. The light intensities of group I and II at the first stage and the last stage were adjusted to the half level of the control respectively. For group III, the first and the last stage were both adjusted to half level of the control. During the middle 30 days, all treatments were kept the same intensity. The results indicated that low-light treatment at seedling stage, biomass, nutritional contents, components of inedible biomass and healthy index (including peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content) of wheat plants have no significant difference to the control. Furthermore, unit kilojoule yield of group I reached 0.591 × 10⁻³ g/kJ and induced the highest energy efficiency. However, low-light treatment at grain filling stage affected the final production significantly.     

Developing a dust storm detection method combining Support Vector Machine and satellite data in typical dust regions of Asia

Enhancing the dust storm detection is a key part for the environmental protection, human healthy and economic development. The goal of this paper is to propose a new Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method to automatically detect dust storms using remote sensing data. Existing methods dealing with this problem are usually threshold-based that are of great complexity and uncertainty. In this paper we propose a simple and reliable method combining SVM with MODIS L1 data and explore the optimal band combinations used as the feature vectors of SVM. The developed method was evaluated by MODIS and OMI data qualitatively and quantitatively on three study sites located in the Arabian Desert, Gobi Desert and Taklimakan Desert, and it was also compared to three other traditional methods based on their accuracy, complexity, reliability and sensitivity to thresholds. The detection results demonstrated that the combination of (Band7 − Band3)/(Band7 + Band3) ((B7 − B3)/(B7 + B3)), Band20 − Band31 (B20 − B31), and Band31/Band32 (B31/B32) can detect the dust storms more precisely than other individual bands or their combination. The comparison among those cases indicated that the proposed automatic method exhibited an advantage of minimizing the uncertainty and complexity, which were the limits of defining thresholds based on the threshold-based methods. The conclusions can provide references for studies that focus on statistical-based dust storm detection.     

Improving orbit prediction accuracy through supervised machine learning

Due to the lack of information such as the space environment condition and resident space objects’ (RSOs’) body characteristics, current orbit predictions that are solely grounded on physics-based models may fail to achieve required accuracy for collision avoidance and have led to satellite collisions already. This paper presents a methodology to predict RSOs’ trajectories with higher accuracy than that of the current methods. Inspired by the machine learning (ML) theory through which the models are learned based on large amounts of observed data and the prediction is conducted without explicitly modeling space objects and space environment, the proposed ML approach integrates physics-based orbit prediction algorithms with a learning-based process that focuses on reducing the prediction errors. Using a simulation-based space catalog environment as the test bed, the paper demonstrates three types of generalization capability for the proposed ML approach: (1) the ML model can be used to improve the same RSO’s orbit information that is not available during the learning process but shares the same time interval as the training data; (2) the ML model can be used to improve predictions of the same RSO at future epochs; and (3) the ML model based on a RSO can be applied to other RSOs that share some common features.     

英文摘要中的主位推进模式

以系统功能语法理论的主位推进模式为基本框架,以英文摘要为研究对象,探讨主位推进模式在这一语篇体裁中的应用,并统计分析英文摘要中基本的主位推进模式选择取向。     

注气离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性试验

为了解管路注气对补燃循环液氧煤油发动机预燃室煤油离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性的影响，在大气环境下开展了敞口型离心喷嘴注气时喷注过程稳定性试验。使用注气装置在离心喷嘴的上游供应管路中注入空气，通过高速相机记录管路内的两相流特征和喷嘴喷注过程的振荡特征，采用图像区域亮度分析方法定量评估喷注过程的振荡强度。研究发现：注气能显著改变敞口型离心喷嘴的喷注雾化过程及稳定性特征；注气后雾化液膜破碎距离缩短且喷雾角减小，喷注过程出现明显的振荡并伴随Klystron效应；管路内两相流的气泡尺度较大且切向孔较小时，喷注过程的振荡幅值较大；随着注气量增加，喷注过程的振荡频率降低；气泡尺度及两相流型对离心喷嘴喷注振荡过程的影响与普通气泡雾化喷嘴的显著不同，柱状流型时离心喷嘴喷注过程出现1~3 Hz流量振荡且可能间歇性断流。气泡对切向孔的间歇性堵塞作用可能是喷注过程振荡及Klystron效应的原因。     

一种用于专利主题词抽取的模板自动生成方法

专利主题词是用以表述发明或实用新型名称的技术关键词,专利主题词的抽取是专利技术方案信息抽取的第一步,是填充信息抽取结果模板的有效依据和填充子之一。将信息抽取技术应用于中文专利摘要文本,在充分分析了专利摘要文本和专利标题特点的基础上,采用无指导的方法构建信息抽取模板,进而完成专利主题词的抽取。实验表明,该方法获得了较好的抽取效果。     

板坯连铸结晶器内流场计算方程的研究

本文对计算板坯连铸结晶器内流场时常用的不可压缩粘性流体力学中的动量方程的计算问题进行了讨论，提出新的控制方程，并用示例对计算精度进行了比较。     

有间隙涡轮叶栅壁面流谱实验与数值模拟研究

对具有 3 .6 %相对叶顶间隙的涡轮叶栅进行了壁面流动显示和三维流场数值模拟 ,分析了大叶顶间隙涡轮叶栅的壁面流动特点 ,从数值模拟上特别对尾缘附近的壁面流动结构进行了详细讨论。实验与计算结果表明叶栅尾缘附近的流动是非常复杂的 ,同时由于叶顶间隙的存在 ,上下尾缘附近的壁面流谱明显不同     

建国初期财政体制与政策目标模式选择的经验分析

从经济学与财政学的角度，分析论证了建国初期财政体制及政策目标模式选择的基本经验。认为财政体制和财政政策的目标模式选择，必须适应形势发展的需要，其运作不能只限于行政手段和政府行为，而应根据经济规律的要求，与经济杠杆的运用相结合，并且应随着形势的变化而不断有所调整。     

浅析国际经济合作的新方式—BOT

分析了ＢＯＴ的概念、功能及优点，指出ＢＯＴ的实质是一种债务与股权相混合的产权，它是集融资、建设、经营和转让为一体的多功能投资方式。ＢＯＴ方式对东道国来说既可以减少基础设施建设对政府财政的压力，又可以规避投资风险。但是ＢＯＴ方式是一个相当复杂的系统工程，复杂的合同体系、政府承诺、投资收益、利益冲突等诸多问题是运用ＢＯＴ方式所必须解决的。最后就ＢＯＴ方式在我国的运用提出了几点建议