一种基于模拟退火的支持向量机超参数优化算法

基于统计学习理论的支持向量机技术以探求小样本情况下如何获得更好的机器学习规律而见长,与基于经验风险最小化原则的机器学习方法相比能够获得更佳的泛化能力,相关超参数的选择对其分类或回归性能有较大影响.针对径向基核支持向量机超参数优化问题,提出了一种改进的基于模拟退火算法的高效多目标优化算法,并详细讨论了优化寻优过程中搜索空间、初始可行解、初温和最优目标函数的设计方法.通过在多个标准数据集上的测试验证,证实了本文所提算法的可行性和有效性.     

微米尺度格栅标准样片的质量参数评价;；

论述了以CD-SEM作为核心仪器评价微米尺度格栅标准样片质量参数的方法。以某标称线距尺寸为3μm的不同材料、不同格栅高度的标准样片为例进行了各项质量参数的测量，并对实验数据进行相关因素的比对分析。通过分析，为制作优质的微米格栅标准样片提供了一定的理论参考。分析结果表明本文所述方法适用于微米尺度格栅标准样片的质量参数评价。     

主动光频标的研究进展

传统被动光钟激光锁频系统的频率稳定度最终受限于由布朗运动导致的腔长热噪声，是目前光频标发展面临的主要技术瓶颈之一。主动式新型光频标利用光学谐振腔的弱反馈在原子跃迁能级间形成多原子相干受激辐射，该受激辐射输出信号可直接作为钟跃迁信号使用，相比于被动光钟，主动光中原理上可实现更窄的量子极限线宽，并具有腔牵引抑制优势。分别介绍了国内外在主动光频标研究现状，主要介绍北京大学在该研究方向取得的理论及实验研究进展。为了实现窄线宽连续型主动光频标，提出双波长好坏腔方案减小剩余腔牵引效应对四能级主动光钟的影响，其中Nd:YAG 1 064nm好腔激光和铯原子1 470nm坏腔激光共腔输出，分别工作在好、坏腔区域，好腔激光通过Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)稳频技术锁定主动光钟谐振腔的腔长，由于坏腔激光相比于好腔激光具有腔牵引抑制优势，因此坏腔激光线宽有望在腔长锁定之后的好腔激光的基础上进一步压窄。目前两套双波长系统的1 470nm钟激光拍频线宽受限于两个谐振腔腔长的相对抖动，为了抑制共模噪声对钟激光拍频信号的影响，并验证采用PDH稳频技术实现腔长锁定的可行性，本文利用相位锁定技术同步两套双波长好坏腔系统的谐振腔腔长，从而消除腔长共模噪声对钟激光拍频线宽的影响，进而分析除剩余腔牵引效应以外的其他因素对1 470nm主动光频标的影响。     

A wall-thickness compensation strategy for wax pattern of hollow turbine blade

As an important index affecting the aerodynamic performance and the structural strength of hollow turbine blades, the wall-thickness precision of the blade is mainly inherited from the positional relationship between the corresponding wax pattern and the internal ceramic core. However, due to locating errors, the actual position of ceramic core is always deviated from the ideal position, which makes it difficult to guarantee the wall-thickness precision of the wax pattern. To solve this problem, a wall-thickness compensation strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the industrial computed tomography (ICT) technique and curve matching algorithms, a model reconstruction method is developed, with which the 3D model of a trial wax pattern can be easily constructed. After that, focusing on eliminating the wall-thickness errors of the trial wax pattern, an optimization method for the pose of the ceramic core in the wax pattern is proposed. Then, by mapping the optimal pose of the ceramic core to length adjustments of the locating rods, the wall-thickness errors of the wax pattern can be greatly reduced. A case study is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.     

加权自适应模式识别系统的数学描述

基于n元原理,采用加权训练思想,为克服经典自适应模式识别系统——WISARD的简单训练策略之不足而提出的加权自适应模式识别系统,具有自动消除伪特征、突出训练模式的固有特征、改进系统的分类性能筹优点。本文首次用数学手段描述了加权自适应模式识别系统,把系统的训练与分类过程抽象为对模式进行矩阵变换的过程。系统的分类行为由训练模式所建立的逻辑函数矩阵来表征。文中还对系统的性质作了初步探讨,指出只要合理地选取加权训练阀值,加权系统的分类性能不会弱于非加权系统。最后还给出了加权训练阀值的上界和下界。     

星图匹配制导中的关键技术

为了提高新一代弹道导弹的快速、机动反击能力和射击精度，采用星光，惯性组合制导足最佳的选择。本论文给出了基于双星敏感器的、星图匹配制导系统的关键技术。提出了根据弹道设计导航星表．极大地简化了弹载星表；提出了一种适用于星光制导的凸多边形箅法，合理地减少了匹配的星对角距数目。这两项技术保证了星图匹配制导技术的实用性。提出了一种分离初始定位、定向误差及平台漂移误差方法。采用凸多边形的星图识别算法可同时获得多颗星的瞬时位置，结合恒星在像平面的位置可解算导弹在赤道惯性系和发射点惯性系的三轴姿态，最后，给出了导弹初始定位、定向误差的数学表达式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

一种新的导航星选取算法研究

在导航星表的建立过程中，由于恒星的数量太多，往往要进行筛选，通常这种选择复杂费时，而结果往往并不是最优的。本文引入了动态星等阈值分布函数，将传统星等阈值过滤算法中的静态阈值用动态星等阈值代替，建立了一种新的动态星等阈值过滤选择模式。而基于统计学习理论的支持向量机方法为求解高维非线性动态星等阈值分布函数提供了新的途径。本文讨论了这种基于支持向量机的导航星自动选择算法——回归选取算法。实验表明，用该算法所选取的导航星表，导航星数量少、分布均匀性好。同时它还能适应多种任务的导航星选取要求，具有很强的通用性。     

利用条形码测量电荷耦合成像系统的调制传递函数的方法

本文介绍了一种利用条型码来测量电荷耦合器件（CCD）在成像系统装置的调制传递函数的测量方法。同时分析了减少误差的方法，并给出了理论和实验数据。     

Hybrid calibration method for six-component force/torque transducers of wind tunnel balance based on support vector machines

A hybrid calibration approach based on support vector machines (SVM) is proposed to characterize nonlinear cross coupling of multi-dimensional transducer. It is difficult to identify these unknown nonlinearities and crosstalk just with a single conventional calibration approach. In this paper, a hybrid model comprising calibration matrix and SVM model for calibrating linearity and nonlinearity respectively is built up. The calibration matrix is determined by linear artificial neural network (ANN), and the SVM is used to compensate for the nonlinear cross coupling among each dimension. A simulation of the calibration of a multi-dimensional sensor is conducted by the SVM hybrid calibration method, which is then utilized to calibrate a six-component force/torque transducer of wind tunnel balance. From the calibrating results, it can be indicated that the SVM hybrid calibration method has improved the calibration accuracy significantly without increasing data samples, compared with calibration matrix. Moreover, with the calibration matrix, the hybrid model can provide a basis for the design of transducers.     

Silkworms culture as a source of protein for humans in space

This paper focuses on the problem about a configuration with complete nutrition for humans in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) applied in the spacebases. The possibility of feeding silkworms to provide edible animal protein with high quality for taikonauts during long-term spaceflights and lunar-based missions was investigated from several aspects, including the nutrition structure of silkworms, feeding method, processing methods, feeding equipment, growing conditions and the influences on the space environmental condition changes caused by the silkworms. The originally inedible silk is also regarded as a protein source. A possible process of edible silk protein was brought forward in this paper. After being processed, the silk can be converted to edible protein for humans. The conclusion provides a promising approach to solving the protein supply problem for the taikonauts living in space during an extended exploration period.