Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

无人直升机的动态逆模糊集成控制

对于一个非线性系统,利用其近似的线性化模型求出系统的近似逆,采用模糊控制方法抑制误差对系统输出的影响来保证系统的最终特性,构成一种动态逆模糊集成控制方案.将这一方法应用在无人直升机的姿态控制中,仿真结果表明该方法可以消除无人机未建模动态和不确定性的影响,具有较好的鲁棒性能.      

小卫星及其星座的智能自主控制系统

随着小卫星及其星座技术的发展 ,卫星系统的测控和运行管理模式将由地面遥测遥控方式向智能化自主方式发展。文中系统深入地分析了小卫星及其星座技术的特点和主流发展趋势 ,讨论了对小卫星及其星座实施智能自主控制的必要性、优越性等方面的问题 ,给出了一种将多Agent系统技术与混杂控制系统理论方法相结合 ,以综合集成方式实现的具有高度自主性和灵活性的智能自主控制系统的设计方案 ;论述了可行的优化策略与技术实现途径。最后 ,按照文中提出的智能自主控制系统的组织结构模式和相应的控制策略 ,针对小卫星编队构形自主保持的智能控制问题 ,给出了计算仿真结果     

面向NXD的XML数据函数依赖

XML的半结构化特性造成了Native XML 数据库中数据模式规范化设计中的很多问题.采用结构信息和数据信息相结合的方法,给出XML数据间函数依赖的定义,解决数据模式规范化设计中的理论问题.建立了XML模式路径和XML数据树节点路径的定义,描述XML数据中的路径;给出了XML文档有效性的形式化定义;在此基础上定义了树元组和树元组相等的概念.运用树元组及其相等的概念定义了XML数据的函数依赖关系,进而给出了相应的自反、增广、传递推理规则,用于推导给定集合所蕴涵的函数依赖关系.并证明了这一推理规则是正确的.上述工作为Native XML 数据库系统中数据模式的规范化设计提供了一定的理论基础,增强了XML数据的语义特性.     

基于相似理论的月球车月面牵引性能预测

引入相似理论对月球车的轮土交互系统进行研究,建立了月壤-车轮交互系统的地面力学相似模型,针对原位月壤内聚力较小的特点,提出了一种无需改变车轮尺寸、以模拟月壤为土壤介质的模型试验方法,对月面重力环境下月球车轮的牵引性能进行预测.利用室内土槽试验和颗粒流仿真相结合的方法对该模型试验方法的有效性进行验证,验证结果与模型试验的理论分析结果较为接近,表明该法具有较好的可行性和有效性,可考虑用于预测月球车的月面牵引性能.     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

基于粗神经网络的民用飞机故障诊断

针对传统神经网络故障诊断过程中网络训练时间长、结构复杂以及仅能进行单值输入的缺陷,设计了一种基于粗神经网络的民用飞机故障诊断系统.将粗糙集理论应用在神经网络的前端对民用飞机故障样本数据进行约简处理,以此去除冗余属性的干扰,克服了无关样本数据对网络学习性能的影响,简化了网络结构;利用粗神经元代替传统神经元,提高了网络性能,扩展了网络的应用范围.通过对空中客车A320飞机的故障诊断试验验证了该方法的有效性.     

中国经济增长之“谜”——张五常和林毅夫的研究理论成果评述

中国的经济增长创造了世界经济增长史上的"奇迹",但西方主流经济学理论并不能解码中国经济增长之"谜"。华人经济学家对这一问题研究的理论成果日趋丰富,文章梳理了两位具有代表性的华人经济学家张五常和林毅夫的研究成果并进行简单评述,得出结论:在一个以公有制占主导地位的社会主义市场经济国家,任何试图摒弃马克思主义政治经济学的研究方法,去解释中国经济增长之"谜"的任何努力,都无异于缘木求鱼。