Temperature variability in the tropical mesosphere during the northern hemisphere winter

Temperature observations at 20–90 km height and 5°N–15°N during the period of December 1992–March 1993 from the WINDII and MLS experiments on the UARS satellite are analysed together with MF radar winds and UKMO assimilated fields of temperature and zonal and meridional winds. The correlation between the different datasets at the tropics and zonal mean wind data at mid latitudes is examined for period February–March 1993, when series of stratospheric warming events were observed at middle and high latitudes. Wavelet analysis is applied to investigate coupling between stationary and travelling planetary waves in the stratosphere and the upper mesosphere. Planetary waves m = 1 with periods of 4–7 days, 8–12 days and 13–18 days are found to dominate the period. Westward 7- and 16–18 day waves at the tropics appear enhanced by stationary planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events.     

Occurrence of Ionospheric irregularities over Brazil and Africa during the 2019 Antarctic minor sudden stratospheric warming

The influence of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on the ionosphere and ionospheric irregularities has been studied extensively over the years. However, majority of these investigations have been conducted using warming events originating from the northern hemisphere. Only a few studies have been done on ionospheric variations due to the Antarctic SSW events and to the best of our knowledge, there have not been any studies on southern hemisphere SSW and the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities. In this study, the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities during the 2019 minor Southern hemisphere (SH)/Antarctic SSW is investigated. The event occurs in a relatively calm solar and geomagnetic activity period which makes it possible to identify the effects of SSW on the occurrence of irregularities. Three ionosondes located in different latitudinal regions in Brazil as well as a network of ground-based GPS receiver stations located in both Brazil and Africa were used for this undertaking. Complimentary data from the same ionosonde stations using the same months from 2017 and 2018 were also used. On average more Spread-F was observed in 2019 than in 2017 or 2018 at all stations. ROT observations showed more occurrence in the Brazil sectors followed by West Africa and thenEast Africa. It was observed that the occurrence frequency decreased between 8% and 46 % from the pre-SSW phase to ascending/peak phases and from 2018 to 2019 for the peak phase.     

平流层飞艇蒙皮材料的研究

文章介绍了飞艇蒙皮材料的组成与选择，并对当前平流层飞艇研制中有关材料方面的某些问题，如飞艇主结构层材料的组成与特性、飞艇内外气囊材料的膜材、纤维的配置织法、主结构纤维的涂层前工艺、飞艇气囊膜片的连接等方面进行了分析与介绍。以供在研制平流层飞艇的膜材时作参考。     

The structure of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray 11-year variation

Two phenomena connected with the maximum phase of the 11-year solar cycle in the galactic cosmic ray intensity – the change in the energy dependence of the intensity variations and the double-peak structure in the intensity modulation time profile – are considered for the last five solar cycles (Nos. 19–23). The distinct 22-year cycle in the magnitude of the so called energy hysteresis is observed.The periods of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, characterized by the specific energy dependence of the intensity, are estimated. It is found that the double-peak structures belonging to the solar cycle maximum phase and those around it are very similar both in the amplitude and in its energy dependence.     

平流层飞艇热力学模型和上升过程仿真分析

建立了平流层飞艇的热力学控制模型,并采用该模型对飞艇的上升过程进行了仿真分析。分析表明,飞艇上升过程中的热力学和动态传热过程对飞艇的浮力和飞行控制有重要影响;飞艇上升过程中,为保持艇内外压差,需维持较大的空气出流量,艇内气体随外界压力降低膨胀做功,飞艇会处于较大的超冷状态,飞艇与外界大气的对流换热和日照条件下吸收太阳热辐射能量,可减轻飞艇的超冷状态;飞艇上升速率越快,艇内外气体温差越大,飞艇超冷状态越严重,净静升力降低越大。     

平流层冬季增温及大气中的行星波

本文利用NIMBUS-7SAMS资料分析了东经100度子午线上的两个站点(67.5°N和42.5°N)在10mb和0.0827mb高度上从1978年底至1982年间的大气温度,获得几年的平流层冬季增温结果.在1978/1979年和1981年初的冬季,高纬站点几天内出现的平流层增温最大幅度可达65K.对平流层增温的谱分析结果指出,在高纬冬季平流层有很强的16天、32夭、21天周期的行星波。中纬冬季平流层增温幅度较小,约为20K.中纬的中间层高度上整年存在有5天、8天和16天的行星波。分析研究、南、北半球不同纬度的温度随经度的分布,得出高纬冬季平流层、中间层大气温度随经度有明显的变化。波数1和波数2的波有大的幅度(主要是波数1),从高纬到低纬,波幅逐渐减小在冬季的平流层和中间层大气中,波数1和波数2的行星波在短期内可强烈增强,引起平流层冬季增温。      

临近空间飞艇内部自然对流换热计算研究

综合考虑太阳辐射、长波辐射、对流换热等热环境因素对临近空间飞艇热特性的影响,建立飞艇热特性的数学模型,编写程序并计算得到蒙皮表面温度分布。以此作为热边界条件,采用Fluent软件模拟其内部自然对流的流动状态和温度分布,对不同季节不同时刻飞艇内部自然对流换热系数进行了计算分析,并对四个自然对流经验公式进行了评价分析。结果表明,Eckert-Jackson和Bayley公式更适用于计算浮空器内部自然对流换热,与数值模拟结果相比,平均绝对误差（MAD）分别为22.6%和24.1%。     

平流层气球轨迹控制系统平衡点估算研究

简单介绍了平流层气球的特点和研究现状,引出并描述了轨迹控制系统,它几乎无需消耗能源,使长耗时平流层平台成为可能。提出了平流层气球轨迹控制飞行系统的仿真模型,并分别从风速轮廓线、大气密度以及气球、绳和集成翼方面逐一详细分析并进行建模,最后分析了整个飞行系统的特点和求解系统平衡点的难点所在,提出了一种可行的平衡点估算方法。结果表明,该平衡点估算方法可以快速有效地求得整个飞行系统的平衡点。     

Yaw controller design of stratospheric airship based on phase plane method

Recently,stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control,rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship.The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength,which bring challenges for the attitude controller.In this paper,the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic characteristics is analyzed with a phase plane method.Analysis shows that when ignoring damping,the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control,which can obtain a Bang–Bang controller.But under this controller,the control output could be bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping,which makes adverse effects for the servo structure.Considering the structure requirements of actuators,a phase plane method controller is employed,with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve.Thus,the controller outputs are limited to finite values.Finally,through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment,the method is proved to be effective.     

快速部署浮空器总体技术研究

快速部署浮空器通过运载器将部署平台投放到预定空域,经过分离、减速伞减速、空中充气、展开等阶段,快速完成浮空平台在平流层的部署,可以实现突发灾难区域的应急通信、应急观测、应急监控等功能,能有效弥补目前平流层浮空器放飞条件限制多、升空过程风险大和部署时间长的不足。对其系统组成、优势进行了介绍,对总体技术进行了研究设计及初步分析验证,并围绕浮力体形式、浮力体充气气体、浮力体表面材料、浮力体载重能力、浮空器分离过程等关键技术开展研究。