系留气球尾翼参数气动设计研究

以某型号具有倒“Y”型尾翼布局的系留气球为算例进行数值模拟计算,在保证尾翼的布置形式及安装位置不变的情况下,对尾翼参数的气动设计进行研究。     

Ozone destruction by solar electrons in relation to solar variability and the terrestrial latitude

Precipitating electrons from the radiation belts with energies greater than from 150 keV to 5 MeV have been correlated with ozone data of a large number of stations located within 40–70° N. Energetic electrons have been collected by the low altitude polar Russian satellite METEOR while ozone data have been compiled from almost ninety (90) stations located all over the world within the latitude zone 40–70° N.     

平流层爆发性增温期间大气变化特性的COSMIC掩星观测

利用高精度和高垂直分辨率的COSMIC掩星观测资料, 详细深入分析了2007年冬---2008年春平流层爆发性增温(SSW)期间10~60 km高度范围内大气的变化特性, 尤其是上平流层和低中间层大气的变化特性. 结果表明, 在SSW过程中, 温度场、风场和剩余环流都发生了明显的变化. 根据温度在主增温前和主增温盛期的变化特性, 在水平方向, 大约以55oN为界, 在垂直方向, 大约以42 km为界, 可以将温度场在纬度-高度的分布分为4个区域: 高纬下层增温区, 增温幅度约高达25 K; 高纬上层降温区, 降温幅度约达30\,K; 中纬下层降温区, 降温幅度约为几K; 中纬上层增温区, 增温也约为几K. SSW期间上下层大气纬向风场的变化规律基本相同. 在纬度方向以45oN为界, 45oN以北地区的西风减弱东风增强, 风场变化高达50 m/s; 45oN以南地区西风增强东风减弱, 变化幅度比较小, 约10 m/s. 在2008年1月下旬到2月底, 大气温度和纬向风有明显的振荡现象, 周期约为12天. 剩余环流的环流圈在SSW期间会发生反转, 由此也表明, SSW期间大气中物质的输运方向也会发生改变.      

Transient thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons at float conditions

The prediction of the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons under varying environmental conditions is one of the key issues in the design and flight test of balloons. In this paper, a three-dimensional transient thermal model is developed to predict the thermal behavior of spherical stratospheric balloons. The diurnal variations of the skin and lifting gas temperatures at float conditions are discussed in detail. The further studies on the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons are presented also.     

A detailed FLUKA-2005 Monte-Carlo simulation for the ATIC detector

We have performed a detailed Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2005 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification, and, for particle tracking, three projective layers of x–y scintillator hodoscopes, located above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our simulations are part of an analysis package of both nuclear (A) and energy dependences for different nuclei interacting in the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the response of different components of the detector such as the Si-matrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We present comparisons of the FLUKA-2005 MC calculations with GEANT calculations and with the ATIC CERN data.     

平流层飞艇的组合导航研究

针对平流层飞艇的飞行特点,提出SINS/GPS/陆标组合导航方法,给出SINS/陆标组合导航的观测模型,并将状态与偏差分离的估计算法与联邦滤波相结合,应用于SINS/GPS/陆标组合导航系统.数学仿真结果表明:新组合导航系统相对于SINS/GPS组合导航系统可以有效改善平台误差角的估计精度,同时,提出的简化状态与偏差分离联邦滤波算法能在保持滤波精度基本不变的前提下减少计算量.     

基于蜂窝纸板的系留平台缓冲分析与试验

为保证系留气球平台在空投着陆中的安全,必须对其中的压力气瓶进行缓冲分析与实验。文章采用蜂窝纸板作为气瓶缓冲材料,采用LS-DYNA软件,并依据蜂窝纸板实际参数处理材料模型,仿真分析了在不同蜂窝纸板厚度、不同跌落速度和不同着陆姿态下的缓冲过程。根据仿真结果,设计了蜂窝纸板缓冲结构和加速度检测模块,采用吊车起吊跌落进行了实验验证。仿真分析和实验结果均表明,蜂窝纸板厚度为500mm,跌落速度低于10m/s时,气瓶缓冲后加速度低于20gn,可满足空投着陆应用要求。文章基于LS-DYNA的蜂窝纸板缓冲有限元分析是可行的,研究结果对于气瓶类装备的着陆缓冲结构设计有参考价值。     

中国上空平流层准零风层的特征分析

利用ECMWF提供的ERA-40再分析风场资料首次分析了中国上空平流层准零风层的特点及其随季节和地理位置的变化特征.结果表明,准零风层一般处于18～25 km高度范围内,零风线所在的高度随时间和地理位置的不同稍有变化.根据准零风层随纬度的变化特征,中国上空可以分成三个区域:低纬地区(5°N～20°N)、中低纬过渡区域(20°N～32.5°N)和中高纬地区(32.5°N～55°N).低纬地区一般在冬季和初春有准零风层结构存在;中高纬地区一般在春末和夏季存在准零风层结构;而中低纬过渡区域是否有准零风层结构存在还与准两年震荡(QBO)有关,在QBO东风相位时,过渡区域呈现的特性偏向于中纬特性,在QBO西风相位时,过渡区域呈现的特性偏向于低纬特性.准零风层随经度变化非常小,零风线所在高度随经度的变化幅度一般不超过2 km,过渡区域的变化幅度相对大些.      

Analytical study on the inflated shape of a super pressure balloon covered with a diamond-shaped net

In the last two decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop a large super pressure balloon (SPB) capable of carrying heavy payloads for scientific observations of long durations. Due to recent achievements by the NASA Balloon Program Office, practical operations of large-scale lobed-pumpkin SPB will be realized in the near future. Meanwhile, the research team initiated the development of a lightweight SPB with an alternative design concept, in which the entire balloon is covered by a diamond-shaped net. In this work, the static structural response of the proposed SPB is analyzed by establishing a mathematical model to predict its inflated shape. This model is validated by comparing the generated results with those obtained from nonlinear finite element analysis. Excellent agreement between the analytical solutions and the corresponding finite element results was obtained. On the basis of the mathematical model, the inflated shape of the SPB is investigated and unique structural characteristics are deduced, i.e., the balloon inflates into a cylinder-like shape for a certain geometry of the cover net. This structural feature can be explained by considering the equilibrium of forces applied to the cover net.     

系留气球装备环境工程浅析

主要探讨系留气球等浮空器的环境适应性设计、试验和评价；结合环境适应性工程思想，结合实际工作经验，阐述了浮空器装备全寿命期环境分析、适应性设计以及环境试验与评价等方面的工作要求。相比于飞机等短时飞行的航空器而言，对于留空时间长达数天乃至数十天的系留气球，在设计和验证过程中更应该关注其环境适应性要求。