Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM)

We present the analysis of data taken by the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM). It is centred on a Timepix detector (300?$\mathrm{\mu }$m thick silicon sensor, pixel pitch 55?$\mathrm{\mu }$m, 256?×?256 pixels). It was flown on Proba-V, an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) from an altitude of 820?km on a sun-synchronous orbit, launched on May 7, 2013. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the detector response to electrons (0.5–7?MeV) and protons (10–400?MeV) in an omnidirectional field taking into account the shielding of the detector housing and the satellite. With the help of the simulation, a strategy was developed to separate electrons, protons and ions in the data. The measured dose rate and stopping power distribution are presented as well as SATRAM’s capability to measure some of the stronger events in Earth’s magnetosphere. The stopping power, the cluster height and the shape of the particle tracks in the sensor were used to separate electrons, protons and ions. The results are presented as well. Finally, the pitch angles for a short period of time were extracted from the data and corrected with the angular response determined by the simulation.     

空间粒子辐射对卫星中集成芯片的影响

本文分析了在“风云一号(B)”气象卫星环境中各种粒子辐射在集成芯片临界体积中产生的能量沉积, 即LET(线性能量传输);得到了银河宇宙线1≤Z≤28、银河宇宙线异常成分(C、N、O、Ne、Ar、Fe)、内辐射带质子等产生的LET, 计算了其分别产生的单粒于事件(SEU)翻转率。      

December 2006 solar extreme events and their influence on the near-Earth space environment: “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” satellite observations

The Russian microsatellite “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” was launched on Jan. 20, 2005 and was both a scientific and educational mission. Its two main aims were declared as: (1) monitoring of the energetic particles dynamics in the near-Earth space environment after solar events and during quiet times, (2) educational activities based on experimental data obtained from the spacecraft. In this paper observations acquired during Dec. 5–16, 2006, known as “Solar Extreme Events 2006”, were analyzed. The “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” microsatellite orbit permits one to measure both solar energetic particle dynamics, variations of the boundary of solar particle penetration, as well as relativistic and sub-relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt during and after magnetic storms. Both relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation and solar energetic particles are an important source of radiation damage in near-Earth space. Therefore, the presented experimental results demonstrate the successful application of a small educational spacecraft both for scientific and educational programs.     

Solar particle dynamics during magnetic storms of July 23–27, 2004

It is a case study of a chain of three magnetic storms with a special attention to the particle dynamics based on CORONAS-F and SERVIS-1 low altitude satellite measurements. Solar proton penetration inside the polar cap and inner magnetosphere and dynamics at different phases of the magnetic storms was studied. We found, that solar protons were captured to the inner radiation belt at the recovery phase of the first and the second magnetic storms and additionally accelerated during the last one. No evidence of sudden commencement (SC) particle injection was found. Enhanced solar proton belt intensity with small pitch angles decreased slowly during satellite orbits for 30 days until the next magnetic storm. Then in 20–30 h we registered strong precipitation of these protons followed by the trapped proton flux dropout. Intensity decrease was more pronounced at lower altitudes and higher particle energies.     

飞机后货舱门气密试验及数据分析

结合某型飞机后货舱门的试验件,阐述了该试验件气密试验的过程、数据采集和数据分析,依据气密试验和数据分析结果,发现了舱门密封结构存在的问题,对后货舱门的密封性能改进起到了指导作用。     

面向型面精度一致性的整体叶盘砂带磨削新方法及实验研究

由于整体叶盘由多个叶片组成,根据"木桶定律",整体叶盘的性能和寿命取决于型面精度(型线精度和表面质量)最差的叶片。因此,在满足整体叶盘型面精度的前提下,提高各叶片型面精度一致性对其性能和寿命具有重要的影响。提出一种面向型面精度一致性的砂带磨削新方法,一方面通过砂带周期性的往复运动结合自锐式磨削原理,实现型面铣削残差层的高效去除;另一方面通过砂带周期性的自动更新,保证各叶片的型面精度在同一截面具有高一致性。阐述并建立了面向型面精度一致性的砂带磨削新方法及其磨削控制方程。在此基础上,对某航空发动机整体叶盘的11个叶片进行了砂带磨削实验,并且运用标准差对整体叶盘型面精度一致性进行定量分析。研究结果表明:整体叶盘磨削后,表面粗糙度小于0.25 μm,型线精度小于0.05 mm,同时型面精度一致性显著提高,证明了该方法的有效性。     

叶片型面砂带磨削技术的现状和发展趋势

叙述了国内外叶片型面砂带磨削的各种技术,分析了一些叶片材料的砂带磨削性能,并介绍了一些典型的叶片砂带磨床.     

双带法快速凝固1050Al薄的成形试验研究

运用具有我国自主知识产权的双带法快速凝固技术将液态 1 0 5 0 Al直接制备成厚度为 1 mm左右的薄带。介绍了这一方法的基本原理、特点等。在可控冷却钢带线速度分别为 1 m/ s、2 m/ s条件下 ,制备了厚度相同的1 0 5 0 Al薄带 ,对所制备的带材进行了金相组织观察 ,可以明显看出 :可控线速度越大 ,组织越精细     

金属氟塑料衬套的研制

聚四氟乙烯金属带材具有极高承载和超长使用寿命等特点，因此，在飞机上得到广泛的应用，以满足高、低温，高负荷，长寿命等苛刻条件下对润滑材料的要求。本文介绍了这种材料的研制过程，并提出了材料的验证试验方法。     

Occurrence features of simultaneous H+- and He+-band EMIC emissions in the outer radiation belt

As an important loss mechanism of radiation belt electrons, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves show up as three distinct frequency bands below the hydrogen (H⁺), helium (He⁺), and oxygen (O⁺) ion gyrofrequencies. Compared to O⁺-band EMIC waves, H⁺- and He⁺-band emissions generally occur more frequently and result in more efficient scattering removal of <～5?MeV relativistic electrons. Therefore, knowledge about the occurrence of these two bands is important for understanding the evolution of the relativistic electron population. To evaluate the occurrence pattern and wave properties of H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC waves when they occur concurrently, we investigate 64 events of multi-band EMIC emissions identified from high quality Van Allen Probes wave data. Our quantitative results demonstrate a strong occurrence dependence of the multi-band EMIC emissions on magnetic local time (MLT) and L-shell to mainly concentrate on the dayside region of L?=?～4–6. We also find that the average magnetic field amplitude of H⁺-band waves is larger than that of He⁺-band waves only when L?<?4.5 and AE¹?<?300?nT, and He⁺-band emissions are more intense under all other conditions. In contrast to 5 events that have average H⁺-band amplitude over 2 nT, 19 events exhibit >2 nT He⁺-band amplitude, indicating that the He⁺-band waves can be more easily amplified than the H⁺-band waves under the same circumstances. For simultaneous occurrences of the two EMIC wave bands, their frequencies vary with L-shell and geomagnetic activity: the peak wave frequency of H⁺-band emissions varies between 0.25 and 0.8 f_cp with the average between 0.25 and 0.6 f_cp, while that of He⁺-band emissions varies between 0.03 and 0.23 f_cp with the average between 0.05 and 0.15 f_cp. These newly observed occurrence features of simultaneous H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC emissions provide improved information to quantify the overall contribution of multi-band EMIC waves to the loss processes of radiation belt electrons.