3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的热分解特性

采用热重实验(TG)、差示扫描量热实验(DSC)和气体(固体)原位反应池/快速扫描傅里叶变换红外光谱(RSFTIR)联用技术,研究了3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的热分解特性。结果表明:DNOAF的热分解特性对压强敏感,随着压强的升高,DNOAF的热分解放热峰温呈降低趋势。其热分解气体中具有红外活性的有CO2,N2O,NO,NO2,CO和DNOAF蒸汽;凝聚相热分解产物主要为碳,其中还含有少量的氰酸酯基-O-C≡N。在实验基础上提出了DNOAF的热分解历程,DNOAF的热分解首先发生在呋咱环间的C-N键,然后是呋咱环的开环分解。     

双转子临界转速的简易分析方法及应用

采用纯弯曲及弯扭耦合两种传递矩阵法和子结构传递矩阵法计算具有畸形结构的双转子系统的临界转速，提出了用线性插值法确定双转子临界转速的简便方法和由不平衡响应系统位能峰值转速确定双转子系统计及阻尼影响的临界转速，本文分析方法有较大的工程应用价值。     

机械能守恒定律的局限性

机械能守恒定律是力学中的一条重要定律,但它不是一个基本的普适性定律,它的成立与惯性系的选取有关,原因是机械能守恒定律成立的条件为：“只有保守的内力做功,”而保守的内力是物体系内的相互作用力,对于其中任何一个力做的功,由动能定理可知,此力所做的功对不同的惯性系,其值是不同的,做功的多少与惯性系的选择有关,这就造成了机械能守恒定律的局限性。     

Data Grids and High Energy Physics: A Melbourne Perspective

The University of Melbourne, Experimental Particle Physics group recognises that the future of computing is an important issue for the scientific community. It is in the nature of research for the questions posed to become more complex, requiring larger computing resources for each generation of experiment. As institutes and universities around the world increasingly pool their resources and work together to solve these questions, the need arises for more sophisticated computing techniques. One such technique, grid computing, is under investigation by many institutes across many disciplines and is the focus of much development in the computing community. ‘The Grid’, as it is commonly named, is heralded as the future of computing for research, education, and industry alike. This paper will introduce the basic concepts of grid technologies including the Globus toolkit and data grids as of July 2002. It will highlight the challenges faced in developing appropriate resource brokers and schedulers, and will look at the future of grids within high energy physics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

双栅极空气计数器系统参数优化设计方法

 基于金属材料微裂纹检测传感器系统放电脉冲的形成过程, 建立了离散化放电的数学模型, 提出了传感器系统参数优化设计的一种新方法。实验结果表明, 采用该理论设计的传感器系统参数, 避免了经验公式设计的片面性, 保证了传感器系统无损检测的可靠性和精确性。     

The Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Density Variations on the Particle Energy Spectra in a Reconnecting 3D Current Sheet

Electron and proton acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field is further investigated in a non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (RCS) with a variable plasma density. The tangential B _z and transverse magnetic field components B _x are assumed to vary with the distances x and z from the X nullpoint linearly and exponentially, respectively; the longitudinal component (a ‘guiding field’) is accepted constant. Particles are found to gain a bulk of their energy in a thin region close to the X nullpoint where the RCS density increases with z exponentially with the index λ and the tangential magnetic field B _x also increases with z exponentially with the index α. For the RCS with a constant density (λ = 0), the variations of the tangential magnetic field lead to particle power-law energy spectra with the spectral indices γ₁ being dependent on the exponent α as: for protons and for electrons in a strong guiding field (β > 10⁻²) and for electrons in a moderate or weak guiding field (β > 10⁻⁴). For the RCS with an exponential density increase in the vicinity of the X nullpoint (λ≥ 0) there is a further increase of the resulting spectral indices γ that depends on the density exponent index λ as for protons and for electrons in weaker guiding fields and as for electrons in stronger guiding fields. These dependencies can explain a wide variety (1.5–10) of particle spectral indices observed in solar flares by the variations of a magnetic field topology and physical conditions in a reconnecting region. This can be used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the RCS dynamics from the accelerated particle spectra found from hard X-ray and microwave emission.     

Planetary Radiation Budgets

The energy state of a planet depends fundamentally on its radiation budget. Measurements made from space over past decades have led to significant revisions of ground-based estimates, both of the reflected fraction (the Bond albedo) of solar radiative flux and of the emitted thermal infrared radiation flux, for the Earth as well as for the other planets. After a brief survey of methods and difficulties in accurately determining planetary radiation budgets, we note contradictions in existing tabulations of global parameters, in particular Bond albedo. For the Earth, such contradictions are unjustified, considering that global and annual means as well as the seasonal cycle of Earth Radiation Budget components have now been determined with high accuracy. The Earth's Bond albedo is close to 0.3. Net storage of energy in the Earth-ocean system is close to zero, with a well-established annual cycle of amplitude close to ±12 Wm⁻². Some contradictions remain for the other terrestrial planets. For the giant planets, modern reduced values of the Bond albedo imply reduced but still significant internal energy generation.     

新型太阳能利用装置的研究

对目前太阳能的几种常见的应用领域及相关装置进行了分析和研究,并在此基础上,结合相关理论,设计了利用太阳能的新型装置,如:太阳能房、太阳能热发电装置、聚光式太阳能电池发电装置等,这些装置将为更好地利用太阳能开辟新的途径.太阳能作为一种新兴的可再生能源有着不可限量的发展前景.     

低速风洞设计中的导流片损失问题

低速回流式风洞中拐角部位的流动损失占总损失的比重很大，该位置导流片绕流的流动状况对于流动损失有明显的影响。与常规的工程估算方法不同，风洞实验与数值计算相结合，并通过正交优化能够对不同工作条件下导流片流动及其性能指标的变化规律进行研究，对特定的导流片找到了最佳的工作条件。     

2D C/SiC 复合材料的静压痕力的损伤表征

为考察2D C/SiC 复合材料在外力作用下产生的不可见损伤对其力学性能的影响。通过静压痕实验引入损伤,采用红外热波成像和残余性能测试的方法,表征2D C/SiC 复合材料的损伤。结果表明:施加能量为0.75 J时,复合材料内部开始产生损伤, 施加能量为1.8 J(接触力1 700 N、压痕深1 mm)时,损伤模式发生转变;随着损伤程度的加重,残余压缩强度下降率约为残余拉伸强度下降率的2倍。