一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪算法

非双曲线型非线性系统同宿切面点和同宿横截点的存在,使得其时间序列的去噪或轨迹重影变得十分困难。在充分挖掘非线性系统本身特性的基础上,结合Gradient Descent算法的稳定性和Newton-Raphson算法的快速收敛性,提出了一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪新算法,在机器精度内实现了非双曲线型非线性时间序列的去噪。该方法首先计算受扰序列的局部稳定流形和不稳定流形方向,进而确定同宿切面点存在的位置,很大程度上降低了同宿切面对算法性能的影响。不同于现有文献忽视同宿横截点对算法性能影响的做法,研究得出了同宿横截点间的最小距离和干扰噪声均方差二者间的关系,首次定量地估计了同宿横截点可能对算法造成的影响,这无疑对其他算法也将是一个有益的启示。     

Spacecraft formation flying: A review and new results on state feedback control

This paper presents a review of previous work within the field of spacecraft formation flying, including modeling approaches and controller design. In addition, five new approaches for tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leader–follower formation are derived. One PD controller with feedback linearisation is derived and shown to result in an exponentially stable equilibrium point of the closed loop system. Four nonlinear controllers are derived and proved by using Lyapunov theory and Matrosov's theorem to leave the closed loop system uniformly globally asymptotically stable. Results from the simulation of the system with the derived controllers are presented, and compared with respect to power consumption and tracking performance.     

冲击杂波下的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法

研究了对称α稳定分布(SαS)冲击杂波下的多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达目标波达方向（DOA）估计问题,分别提出基于分数低阶最小方差无畸变响应(FrMVDR)的MIMO雷达DOA估计算法和无穷范数归一化最小方差无畸变响应（Inf-MVDR)算法。FrMVDR算法,首先进行冲击杂波特征指数的估计,然后使MIMO雷达接收阵列的分数低阶输出功率最小,实现MIMO雷达的DOA估计。为了避免FrMVDR算法对杂波特征指数估计,提出Inf-MVDR算法,首先用无穷范数对接收信号进行归一化处理,使归一化后的阵列输出功率有界,继而采用传统MVDR算法进行DOA估计。计算机仿真验证了上述两种算法的有效性;同时仿真结果还表明在冲击杂波下,MIMO雷达的空间分集特性可显著提高DOA估计的精度。     

基于分层变块大小运动估计的边信息提取算法(英文)

在分布式视频编码(DVC)中,边信息的质量对视频序列的压缩效果有很大影响。本文中,一种基于分层运动估计的边信息提取算法引入到DVC系统中。首先,采用了两种运动估计模式,向前运动估计和双向运动估计,然后利用分层变块大小运动估计算法获得了比较准确的运动矢量。接着运动矢量滤波器修正了由于局部相似造成的错误运动矢量。最后,选择决策模块更好地处理了帧内插技术中的多种估计模式的问题。这些算法为DVC提供了更好的边信息,提高了DVC系统的性能。实验结果显示,基于这种新算法的DVC系统高于传统视频编码帧内模式 3-4dB,而仅仅低于传统视频编码IBIB模式0.5-1dB。     

基于MCIS技术的相位差变化率单站无源定位

针对最大似然估计（ML）方法求解测相位差变化率单站无源定位问题计算量大、定位慢的问题,本文提出一种利用蒙特卡洛重要性抽样技术（MCIS）高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。根据Pincus定理推导出ML问题的近似全局解,利用重要性抽样（IS）技术构建符合高斯分布概率密度（PDF）的重要性函数,作为样本选取的依据,通过逆变换采样获得样本集,统计样本均值直接得到辐射源位置估计结果。MCIS方法简单易实现且运算量低,能够克服传统ML估计多维网格搜索耗时较长的缺陷,而且对目标位置初始估计误差有较低的敏感性。实验结果表明,MCIS算法在相同测量噪声水平下,定位精度优于EKF、NLS算法,有效减小了初始化估计误差对算法定位精度的影响,也进一步讨论分析了算法参数和不同观测条件对定位性能的影响。     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.     

提高卫星导航性能的阵列参数估计算法

针对卫星导航信号参数估计性能严重影响导航定位精度,提出了一种利用电磁偶极子对提高信号波达方向和极化参数估计性能的方法。充分利用接收数据协方差矩阵,通过两次特征分解,由特征分解的特征值进行极化参数估计。利用小圆环子阵导向矢量得到波达方向的粗略而无模糊的估计,大圆环子阵导向矢量得到有模糊的估计,通过解模糊得到精确的无模糊的估计,从而大幅提高了到达角的估计精度。比较了单个圆环阵列和同心圆环阵列的参数估计性能,分析了参数估计精度对抗干扰性能的影响,仿真结果表明参数估计精度的提高有效改善了卫星导航抗干扰的性能。     

强信号背景下弱信号角度时延的联合Capon估计方法

针对强信号背景下弱信号角度时延联合估计过程中的弱信号数目难以精确估计问题,在分析Capon谱估计法估计信号DOA原理的基础上,将Capon谱估计法进行扩展,提出了一种在强信号背景下弱信号角度时延联合估计方法。为弥补Capon法分辨力较差的劣势,将扩展的Capon法与有高分辨性能的m-Capon算法结合,提出了一种改进的m-Capon方法,能区分来波方向接近的不同目标信号。研究和仿真结果表明:该方法无需对弱信号的信源数进行估计,也无需分解特征值,且在快拍数较少时仍具适用性。     

Dual attitude and parameter estimation of passively magnetically stabilized nano satellites

The attitude determination capability of a nano satellite is limited by a lack of traditional high performance attitude sensors, a result of having small budgets for mass and power. Attitude determination can still be performed on a nano satellite with low fidelity sensors, but an accurate model of the spacecraft attitude dynamics is required. The passive magnetic stabilization systems commonly employed in nano satellites are known to introduce uncertainties in the parameters of the attitude dynamics model that cannot easily be resolved prior to launch. In this paper, a batch estimation problem is formulated that simultaneously solves for the attitude of the spacecraft and performs parameter estimation on the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials using only a measurement of the solar vector. The estimation technique is applied to data from NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS nano satellite and the University of Michigan's RAX-1 nano satellite, where clear differences are detected between the magnetic properties as measured before launch and those that fit the observed data. To date this is the first known on-orbit verification of the attitude dynamics model of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft.     

非圆信号的贝叶斯稀疏重构阵列测向方法

对信号非圆特性的有效利用能显著改善子空间类阵列测向方法的性能,但难以弥补此类方法在低信噪比（SNR）、小样本等信号环境适应能力方面的局限。本文引入贝叶斯稀疏学习（SBL）技术以解决非圆信号的波达方向（DOA）估计问题,在结合信号非圆特性的同时对入射信号的空域稀疏性加以利用,通过将非圆信号阵列输出协方差矩阵和共轭协方差矩阵在预先定义的空域字典集上进行稀疏重构,得到入射信号的空间谱重构结果,并依据其谱峰位置估计各信号的方向。该方法对独立和相关信号都具有较好的适应能力,仿真结果验证了该方法在信号环境适应能力和相关信号测向精度等方面的优势。