Ionospheric behavior of the F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 at Hainan and comparisons with IRI model predictions

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS-4 digisonde observations at Hainan (19.4°N, 109.0°E) are used to study the low latitude ionospheric variation behavior. The observational results are compared with the International Reference Ionospheric Model (IRI) predictions. The time period coverage of the data used for the present study is from March 2002 to February 2005. Our present study showed that: (1) In general, IRI predictions using CCIR and URSI coefficients follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2. However, CCIR foF2 and URSI foF2 IRI predictions systematically underestimate the observed results during most time period of the day, with the percentage difference ΔfoF2 (%) values changing between about −5% and −25%, whereas for a few hours around pre-sunrise, the IRI predictions generally overestimate the observational ones with ΔfoF2 (%) sometimes reaching as large as ∼30%. The agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is better for the year 2002 than for the other years. The best agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is obtained in summer when using URSI coefficients, with the seasonal average values of ΔfoF2 (%) being within the limits of ±10%. (2) In general, the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the observational results. However, when using the measured M(3000)F2 as input, the diurnal variation pattern of hmF2 given by IRI2001 has a much better agreement with the observational one with the detailed fine structures including the pre-sunrise and post-sunset peaks reproduced reasonably well. The agreement between the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is worst for the afternoon to post-midnight hours for the high solar activity year 2002. During daytime hours the agreement between the hmF2 values obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is best for summer season. The discrepancy between the observational hmF2 and that obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option stem from the CCIR M(3000)F2 model, which does not produce the small scale structures observed in the measured M(3000)F2.     

Modeling the broadband persistent emission of magnetars

In this paper, we discuss our first attempts to model the broadband persistent emission of magnetars within a self-consistent, physical scenario. We present the predictions of a synthetic model that we calculated with a new Monte Carlo 3D radiative code. The basic idea is that soft thermal photons (e.g. emitted by the star surface) can experience resonant cyclotron upscattering by a population of relativistic electrons treated in the twisted magnetosphere. Our code is specifically tailored to work in the ultra-magnetized regime; polarization and QED effects are consistently accounted for, as well different configurations for the magnetosphere. We discuss the predicted spectral properties in the 0.1–1000 keV range, the polarization properties, and we present the model application to a sample of magnetars soft X-ray spectra.     

Using the MIR bands in vegetation indices for the estimation of grassland biophysical parameters from satellite remote sensing in the Alps region of Trentino (Italy)

Development of new methods for estimating biophysical parameters can be considered one of the most important targets for the improvement of grassland parameters estimation at full canopy cover. In fact, accurate assessment methods of biophysical characteristics of vegetation are needed in order to avoid the uncertainties of carbon terrestrial sinks.

Remote sensing is a valid tool for scaling up ecosystem measurements towards landscape levels serving a wide range of applications, many of them being related to carbon-cycle models. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of satellite platform sensors in estimating grassland biophysical parameters such as LAI, biomass, phytomass, and Green herbage ratio (GR). Also, we wanted to compare some of the most common NIR and red/green-based vegetation indices with ones that also make use of the MIR band, in relation to their ability to predict grassland biophysical parameters.

Ground-truth measurements were taken on July 2003 and 2004 on the Monte Bondone plateau (Italian Alps, Trento district) in grasslands varying in land use and management intensities. From satellite platforms, an IRS-1C-LISS III image (18/07/2003; 25 m resolution in the visible-NIR and 70 m resolution in the MIR) and a SPOT 5 image (27/07/2004, 10 m resolution in the visible-NIR and MIR) were used.

LAI, biomass, and phytomass measurements showed logarithmic relationships with the investigated NIR and red/green-based indices. GreenNDVI showed the highest R² values (0.59, IRS 2003; 0.60, SPOT 2004). Index saturation occurred above approximately 100–150 g m⁻² of biomass (LAI 1.5–2). On the other hand, GR relationships were shown to be linear. MIR-based indices performed better than NIR and red/green-based ones in estimating biophysical variables, with no saturation effect. Biomass showed a linear regression with Canopy Index (MIR/green ratio) and with the Normalised Canopy Index (NCI) calculated as a normalised difference between MIR and green bands (IRS: R² = 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. SPOT: R² = 0.63 and 0.64). Similar correlations could also be found for LAI and phytomass, and GR predictability was shown to be higher than NDVI and GreenNDVI. According to these results obtained in the investigated areas, phytomass, biomass, LAI, and GR are linearly correlated with the investigated MIR band indices and as a result, these parameters could be estimated from the adopted satellite platforms with limited saturation problems.     

真实气体流动的相似规律

本文从具有化学反应的NS方程出发导出了真实气体流动的相似律,分别给出了高温空气非平衡流、平衡流和冻结流的相似参数。文中还讨论了航天飞机轨道器各种Mach数范围内的真实气体流动的相似参数和实验模拟问题。     

β Cep stars from a spectroscopic point of view

In this review we present the current status of line-profile-variation studies of β Cep stars. Such studies have been performed for 26 bright members of this class of pulsating stars in the past 25 years. We describe all these currently available data and summarize the interpretations based on them in terms of the excited pulsation modes. We emphasize that line-profile variations offer a much more detailed picture of the pulsational behaviour of pulsating stars compared to ground-based photometric data. The latter, however, remain necessary to unravel the often complex frequency pattern and to achieve unambiguous mode identification for multiperiodic β Cep stars and also to derive the pulsational properties of the faint members of the class. We highlight the statistical properties of the sample of 26 stars for which accurate spectroscopic studies are available and point out some future prospects. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ROPP反演软件算法及其精度分析

介绍了ROPP反演软件中无线电掩星反演的算法与精度分析. 采用COSMIC卫星2008年1 月1日全天的附加相位数据, 反演得到折射率、温度、压强与湿度等参数, 并与CDAAC 相应结果进行对比. 实验结果表明, 在30km高度以下, 折射率、压强和湿度的相对 误差在2%以内, 温度误差不超过2K.     

NY9200GA树脂体系预浸料自动铺放粘结性工艺研究

为研究NY9200GA环氧树脂体系预浸料的自动铺放粘结性工艺特性,采用自行设计的预浸料粘结性测试装置,通过单因素试验,研究不同铺放工艺条件下预浸料的层间粘结性变化规律;运用正交试验法确定各铺放工艺参数对粘结性的影响程度。结果表明,随着铺放温度的升高,预浸料层间粘结性先增大后降低,在温度为40 ℃时粘结性出现峰值;铺放压力的增大和速度的减小均会增加预浸料层间的粘结性;温度对预浸料层间粘结性值的影响最大,压力的影响次之。此外,预浸料层间粘结性与放置时间和纤维方向有关,在室温环境中存放的时间越长,预浸料层间的粘结性越低;随着相邻铺层间纤维夹角的增加,预浸料层间粘结性也逐渐增加,其中0°/90°铺层间粘结性是0°/0°的近两倍。