基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论及其在流体力学中的相关应用

本文将微分几何中光滑曲面上局部存在的基于主方向的正交系联系于张量分析中的非完整基理论,以此为曲面与其邻域上的张量场场论提供了一种新方法,称为基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论。这种场论方法,基于基面的沿主方向的参数坐标,然后沿基面的法方向进行空间延拓,以此获得基面邻域内的完整的正交系。对此引入非完整基理论,可得所有的非零Christoffel符号直接对应为基面或者当地曲面的主曲率或者测地曲率,因而张量场的各种微分算子相对于曲面的主方向与法方向展开,所得分量表达式仅含物理量与曲面曲率。由此不仅可以清晰地展现曲面几何特征与物理量/物理过程之间的关系,而且所获得的分量表达式形式上最为简单。另一方面,经典的诸如柱坐标系、球坐标系等正交系也隶属基于曲面主方向的正交系,从而本文方法可以统一相关正交系下的张量场场论。作为应用,本文推导了可变形曲面上涡量、涡量法向梯度与变形率张量的表达式,曲面上流体边界层方程的分量方程,曲面介质相关守恒律方程等。     

复杂曲面微细切削加工技术

介绍一种用于微细零件加工的加工系统,该系统最小数控运动分辨率为1um,能利用CAD／CAM技术实现三维复杂曲面微细零件的数控加工。在对直径为5mm,表面高底差为1mm的复杂曲面进行切削加工实验,加工后得到的表面粗糙度为Rz0．082um。     

Simultaneous lidar observation of peculiar sporadic K and Na layers at São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W), Brazil

We present the first simultaneous observation of mesopause sodium (Na) and potassium (K) layer by a lidar which has Na and K channel simultaneously at the South Hemisphere site, São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W). Measurements reported here were conducted on two nights with 3.5 and 8?h of observations in November 2016. On 20 November 2016, sporadic layers in both Na and K layer occurred above 100?km, and the higher layers corresponded well with sporadic E (Es) layer. And the density of Na at 100–105?km is higher than that at main layer around 90?km, but K density around 100?km is at least 3 times smaller compared with the K density around 90?km for the similar period. On 21 November 2016, both sporadic layers occurred in main layer height with obvious descending variations with time, which seems like tidal induced. Notably, the peak K/Na ratio slowly increased with time. And Na layer and K layer showed different processes along with time with K density reaching its maximum 1?h later than that of Na. Correlations of Na/K density, Es, and winds were also discussed.     

Drag increment induced by a small-scale forward-facing step in Mach number 5 turbulent boundary layer flows

Small-scale roughness elements or imperfections are inevitable over the surface of a flight vehicle. The aerodynamics of these small-scale structures is difficult to predict but may play an important role in the design of a flight vehicle at high speed. The forward-facing step is a typical type of roughness element. Many experiments have been conducted to study the aerodynamics of supersonic forward-facing step, especially with a step height larger than boundary layer thickness. However, few studies focus on small steps. To improve the understanding of small-scale forward-facing step flow, we perform a series of simulations to analyze its aerodynamic influence on a Mach number 5 turbulent boundary layer. The general flow structures are analyzed and discussed. Several shock waves can be induced by the step even if the step height is much smaller than the boundary layer thickness. Two significant shocks are the separation shock and the reattachment shock. The influenced area by the step is limited. With the increase of the step height, the non-dimensional influence area decreases and gradually converges when the step height reaches the boundary layer thickness. There are two normalized distributions of the skin friction coefficient and pressure coefficient associated with step height. By using the normalized parameters, a power-law relationship between the step height and the drag increment coefficient is revealed and fits the simulation results well. It is further illustrated that this relationship still holds when changing the inlet angle of attack, but needs slight modification with the angle of attack.     

铅铟扩散层常见质量问题分析

通过对引发铅铟扩散层出现质量问题的原因进行分析，制定了相应的防范措施，对防止铅铟扩散层发黑、出现颗粒状镀层、扩散层脱落等现象的发生有较好的指导作用。     

γ-Re_θ转捩模型的标定研究

介绍了γ-Reθ转捩模型,补充了相应的关联函数。基于平板的试验数据在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)的trip软件平台上对该关联函数进行了标定,并研究了关联函数的变化对转捩结果的影响规律。通过修正与SST湍流模型的结合,改进了转捩位置后壁面摩擦阻力系数偏低的状况。     

跨声速叶栅抽吸流、激波以及分离流相干效应

以某高负荷、跨声速压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段探讨通过抽吸控制激波从而控制附面层发展的可行方法。研究结果表明：随着抽吸量的增加吸力面马赫数峰值提高,激波损失增加,同时使得吸力面马赫数峰值点位置后移,附面层分离减弱,分离的减弱所导致的总压恢复系数增加量要远大于激波强度增加所导致的总压恢复系数减小量;抽吸对叶栅性能改善存在一个最佳抽吸量1.2%;在保证叶栅静压压升不变的前提下,相对于未抽吸条件1.2%抽吸使得叶栅总压恢复系数提高10%,扩散因子降低18%,落后角减小5°;通道激波后实施附面层小流量抽吸不能有效改善附面层内部流动参数,当实现前缘入射斜激波投射点位于通道激波上游时,叶表附面层流动得到较大改善。     

高压脉冲圆柱形阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器实验

描述了一台大尺寸高压脉冲阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器。对其磁场分布进行了分析,并进行了初步实验,包括放电特征、离子流引出特征、离子束形貌等特性,以验证大尺寸的圆柱形阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器在高功率条件下的运行状况。实验发现此霍尔等离子体加速器工作稳定,可以在较高的功率上运行（大于3kW）,电流利用率较高,可超出90%,工作电压范围很宽,可在300～2kV工作,束流汇聚性良好。     

临近空间串联气球系统设计与特性分析

目前,零压气球和超压气球固有的不足限制了高空气球的飞行能力。提出了 1种无需消耗压舱物和浮升气体即可实现昼夜高度自稳定且能够长时间迂回飞行的临近空间串联气球系统。结合了 2种气球的优点,避开了现阶段高空气球发展遇到的困难。建立了昼夜飞行高度一定的串联气球系统的数学模型,设计了能够利用准零风层风场条件实现迂回飞行的串联气球系统,通过与单一零压气球系统对比,验证了该系统的优势。数值仿真分析了零压气球形状、系统设计高度对超压气球尺寸、最大超压量等关键参数的影响,为设计飞行性能更好的系统提供了重要参考依据。     

Characteristics of reattached boundary layer in shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction

The reattached boundary layer in the interaction of an oblique shock wave with a flatplate turbulent boundary layer at Mach number 2.25 is studied by means of Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS). The numerical results are carefully compared with available experimental and DNS data in terms of turbulence statistics, wall pressure and skin friction. The coherent vortex structures are significantly enhanced due to the shock interaction, and the reattached boundary layer is characterized by large-scale...