后掠与无后掠压缩角模型产生的激波/边界层干扰的非定常特性

介绍了10个压缩角模型在M数为2.011、2.504、3.015时产生的激波/边界层干扰的非定常特性的试验研究结果.压缩角模型的流向压缩角分别为15°、20°、24°,后掠角分别为0°、20°、40°、60°.实验结果表明(a)所有无后掠压缩角和大多数20°后掠压缩角产生柱形干扰,而大后掠压缩角则产生锥形干扰;降低来流M数或增大模型后掠角有利于从柱形干扰转变为锥形干扰.(b)间隙区内的压力脉动出现低频峰值,此峰值随着模型后掠角增大或流向压缩角减小而减小;然而随着来流M数增大,此峰值在柱形干扰区减小,而在锥形干扰区略增大.对于锥形干扰,无粘激波的平均激波强度是控制其干扰特性的主要因素.     

口径耦合微带天线互耦时域有限差分法分析

在阵列天线中,互耦是阵列性能下降的一个重要因素,对互耦进行正确的评估、计算,有助于深入了解阵列特性并指导设计工作.采用时域有限差分法计算了口径耦合微带天线互耦系数,天线建模中引入非均匀网格和电阻性电压源,微带线与馈源用阶梯过渡来连接,在保证计算精度的前提下,计算空间和计算机时间大大减少,计算结果与矩量法及测量结果基本一致.     

逆流推力矢量喷管基本流动特征的数值研究

 利用数值模拟的方法,通过对逆流方案中喷管气动性能的研究验证了逆流推力矢量方案的可行性。在非矢量状态下主喷管出口截面上的流量系数和推力系数分别达到99.2%和98.8%;矢量化状态下最大推力矢量角超过了20°,而推力系数与非矢量状态下的比较下降不超过3.7%,且最大抽吸二次流量比仅为2.1%。此外,对该方案中一些基本的流动特征进行了分析,得到了抽吸二次流量比与推力矢量角的变化关系所揭示的流场结构,并对此进行了详细解释,同时揭示了逆流剪切层强烈的湍动特性和大涡结构的特点。     

SiCp/Al复合材料-GCr15钢干摩擦磨损行为研究

采用无压浸渗法制备了SiC颗粒体积分数分别为15%、25%、35%、45%、55%、65%的铝基复合材料。在M-200磨损试验机上研究了SiC颗粒体积分数及载荷对铝基复合材料干摩擦滑动磨损行为的影响,对摩材料为GCr15钢环。采用SEM对铝基复合材料磨损表面及亚表面形貌进行了分析,采用EDX分析了磨损表面及亚表面的元素组成。研究结果表明,铝基复合材料的摩擦系数随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而上升,随着载荷的升高而降低,磨损率随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而下降。铝基复合材料磨损表面有一层机械混合层,它的出现有利于降低铝基复合材料的磨损率,混合层的厚度随着SiC颗粒体积分数和外加载荷的增加而增加,随着载荷的增加,混合层内出现裂纹并产生剥落。铝基复合材料的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层磨损。     

大气辐射传输对红外探潜的影响分析

针对红外探潜的特点,在建立了红外探潜系统作用距离方程的基础上,利用大气辐射传输软件仿真分析了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、海洋气溶胶等因素对红外探潜的影响。结果表明,这些因素对红外探潜效能具有较大影响。     

Aero-optical effects simulation technique for starlight transmission in boundary layer under high-speed conditions

Aero-optical effects for starlight transmission in the high-speed flow field will reduce the accuracy of the star sensor on an aircraft. Numerical simulations for aero-optical effects usually require plenty of calculations, which cause difficulties when designing a celestial navigation system for a high-speed aircraft. In this study, an Aero-Optical Simulator For Starlight Transmission (AOSST) in the boundary layer is developed. It effectively reduces the computational burden compared to that of the widely used CFD simulation, and it achieves satisfactory accuracy. In this simulator, gas ellipsoids satisfying certain design rules are used to simulate coherent density structures in boundary layers. Design rules for the gas ellipsoids are found from published experimental and high-fidelity CFD simulation results. The generated wavefront distortion by AOSST is anchored with the scale law for aero-optical distortion in the boundary layer by determining some control parameters, which enables the simulator to output reliable results over a wide range of flight states. Four numerical examples are provided to verify the performance of AOSST. The results demonstrate that AOSST is able to simulate the directional dependence of aero-optical distortions in boundary layers, the variation trend of distorted wavefront shapes with Reynolds number, and the grayscale distribution on the disturbed star map.     

原子层沉积纳米钝化层薄膜厚度测量技术研究

原子层沉积无机纳米薄膜技术广泛应用于军民领域。本文通过在原子层沉积系统加装原位石英晶体微天平测量系统，通过原位石英晶体微天平研究原子层沉积无机薄膜生长过程并进行薄膜厚度的在线测量。通过研究原子层沉积反应条件，实现原子层沉积无机薄膜厚度的石英晶体微天平在线测量结果替代薄膜厚度线下光学测量结果，解决各类复杂腔体内壁原子层沉积薄膜厚度无法精确测量的问题。     

Scaling procedures of cabin noise generated by turbulent boundary layer excitation

This paper presents a new method for measuring the cabin noise of a structure in a wind tunnel. A method for scaling the cabin sound was derived to obtain the cabin noise of a structure, and the derivation of the scaling procedure was based on a theoretical hypothesis regarding the cabin noise prediction for a scaled model in a wind tunnel. A frequency offset was generated because of the error introduced by model manufacture and installation, and a proposed modal test method was used to eliminate the frequency offset. Both a full-scale structure and scaled structure were measured in the wind tunnel tests. The cabin noise of the full-scale model was compared with the results obtained using the scaling procedure based on the scaled model. The comparisons of the measurement results indicate that the scaling procedures developed in this paper are effective for vibro-acoustic predictions in wind tunnels. Moreover, background noise tended to affect the results of the cabin sound for the wind tunnel test, and thus background noise should be prevented through specific design efforts.     

高温化学非平衡湍流边界层脉动量象限分析

高超声速飞行器在较低空域以极高马赫数飞行时，表面会同时存在湍流与化学非平衡流动，但目前针对此类高温化学非平衡湍流边界层流动特性的研究工作还比较有限，对不同湍流特征的主导流动机制的认识还有待于进一步深入。选取高超声速楔形体头部斜激波后的流动状态，设置3种不同的壁面温度，通过直接数值模拟对比了不同壁温条件下的边界层参数分布特性，并采用象限分解技术分析了边界层不同象限流动事件对雷诺剪切应力、湍流热流、湍流质量扩散的贡献。结果显示：在整个边界层中上抛和下扫运动对雷诺剪切应力的贡献占优；冷壁效应会使得流向和法向湍流热流通量的主导流动事件在温度峰值两侧发生改变。O原子组分流向湍流组分扩散主要受到高质量分数流体慢速运动事件和低质量分数流体快速运动事件的影响，而法向湍流组分扩散则主要受到高质量分数流体向上运动事件和低质量分数流体向下运动事件的影响。     

A statistical study of the F2 layer stratification at the northern equatorial ionization anomaly

Ionograms recorded at Puer station (PUR, 22.7°N, 101.05°E, Dip Latitude 12.9°N) in the Southwest of China from January 2015 to December 2016 were used to study characteristics of the F2 layer stratification at the northern equatorial ionization anomaly. Ionosonde observations show that the development of the F2 layer stratification is different under different conditions. Both the upward and downward movement of the F2 layer stratification could be observed. The F2 layer stratification could occur both at daytime and nighttime. The new cusp could originate from different positions on ionograms. Moreover, statistical results indicate that the F2 layer stratification occurred later in the winter than in other seasons at daytime, it occurred frequently in the local spring, and most of ionograms with the F2 layer stratification at post-midnight occurred in March and April. Our results also show that the F2 layer stratification has a correlation with solar activity.