热激励在超声速进气道内对激波诱导的边界层分离的控制机理

通过数值模拟的方法研究了马赫5的超声速进气道内,热激励对激波/边界层相互作用的控制机理。研究了热激励器放热功率(E)、热激励器展向放置数目(N)和热激励器到控制激波的距离(S)三个参数在超声速进气道内激波控制和边界层分离改善中的表现。分别针对以下四种条件进行了数值模拟:1)E=2k W、N=2、S=0.02m;2)E=3k W、N=2、S=0.02m;3)E=2k W、N=3、S=0.02m;4)E=2k W、N=2、S=0m。分析发现:在以上四种条件下,均可观察到热激励在控制激波和改善激波诱导边界层分离上有着显著的效果。热激励器的放热功率对激波的控制效果有着明显的影响,在本文所考虑的热激励能量范围内,放热功率越大,原激波角的改变越大,最终分离区的改变越明显;展向放置的热激励器数目N影响着输入到流场的能量密度,并且N越大,壁面附近的激波面越趋于平面。尽管N对上壁面沿展向的压力分布无明显影响,但对上壁面分离区大小有明显的影响;对比条件1和4下的计算结果,发现S=0.02m可以得到很好的控制效果,而S=0m时流场结构几乎没有变化,这就表明热激励器必须放置在控制激波上游的一定距离处才会有预期的效果。     

边界层吸气对压气机叶栅角区分离损失的控制

压气机角区的大范围回流通常会引起叶片通道中的三维阻塞现象,并伴随有强烈的掺混流动损失。采用德国航空航天中心(DLR)开发的TRACE程序,在其推进技术研究所的高速压气机叶栅试验台(包含5个NACA65K48直叶片)上,研究了位于端壁上的边界层吸气措施——叶片弦中近尾缘吸气槽(MTE)对该直压气机叶栅通道的角区分离进行控制,减小二次流动损失,进而削弱其对总损失的影响。通过基于定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法的数值模拟研究与相应的试验研究对比,端壁边界层吸气能够较好地重新组织角区气流流动,减弱附着于叶片吸力面尾缘的集中脱落涡,使得角区分离涡强度显著降低,由此引起的二次流损失也明显降低,与无吸气状态相比最大降幅可达81.2%;在设计状态下采用吸气流量率为1%的MTE,总压损失有很大程度的降低:在数值计算中,降幅为15.2%;试验测量中为9.7%。     

A study on turbulence transportation and modification of Spalart–Allmaras model for shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow

It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of turbulence models in shock-wave/ boundary layer interaction flow. The relationship between the pressure gradient, as well as the shear layer, and the development of turbulent kinetic energy in impinging shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow at Mach 2.25 is analyzed based on the data of direct numerical simulation(DNS). It is found that the turbulent kinetic energy is amplified by strong shear in the separation zone and the adverse pressure gradient near the separation point. The pressure gradient was non-dimensionalised with local density, velocity, and viscosity. Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) model is modified by introducing the non-dimensional pressure gradient into the production term of the eddy viscosity transportation equation. Simulation results show that the production and dissipation of eddy viscosity are strongly enhanced by the modification of S–A model. Compared with DNS and experimental data, the wall pressure and the wall skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity profile of the modified S–A model are obviously improved. Thus it can be concluded that the modification of S–A model with the pressure gradient can improve the predictive accuracy for simulating the shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction.     

采用长细管法进行脉动压力转捩探测的实验研究

为了简便地使用测量模型表面脉动压力特征的方法探测边界层转捩位置,需要研究脉动压力传感器接在传统测压模型外的适用性,即通过长细管将模型表面的脉动压力信号传递到脉动压力传感器上的方式是否可得到转捩的特征信号。首先采用信号发生器驱动扬声器,在无风条件下,测量了长细管对不同频率声压信号的传递损失情况。证明了所采用的长细管系统具有合适的工作频带。然后在西北工业大学NF-3低速风洞二元实验段、实验风速为30m/s的条件下,对弦长为800mm、展长为1.6m的翼型模型沿弦向进行了脉动压力信号测量,并通过改进的数据处理技术判断了模型表面的转捩位置。研究结果表明,采用长细管系统进行脉动压力方法转捩探测具有一定应用价值,值得进一步深入研究。     

低雷诺数下进气道异常起动现象及其影响因素探析

结合激波风洞实验和数值模拟分析,对一种二元混压式进气道在实验中低单位雷诺数下反而呈现出自起动特征的异常现象进行了研究。根据激波风洞的反复实验观察,表明随着来流单位雷诺数的降低,在继进气道进入不起动状态之后又会重新出现自起动特征的异常起动现象。该结果与层流模型计算得到的流场结构相符,而与湍流模拟结果差异显著;分析表明,层流情况下,由于分离区向前体压缩面大范围地延伸,缓解了进气道入口的逆压梯度,从而在喉道处可以形成主体为超声速的通畅流道,而湍流情况下,进气道入口处激波/边界层干扰形成过分集中的分离泡则呈现明显的壅塞状态;尽管层流情况下进气道流场结构呈现出较为通畅的类似起动的特征,但其流量系数仍明显低于湍流的情况。因此,实验上所观察到的这种异常起动现象严格地说并不属于真正意义上的起动状态。     

沉积含Si过渡层对于不锈钢上沉积的DLC薄膜的性能影响

本文介绍了采用RF-PECVD法在3Cr13不锈钢基体圆片上沉积制备类金刚石多层膜,其内层薄膜为掺Si的过渡层,外层为不同厚度的在50～1000 nm之间的类金刚石薄膜（DLC）。实验结果表明沉积过渡层可以有效提高薄膜与基体的结合力。类金刚石薄膜的摩擦系数和薄膜在摩擦过程中的损坏情况都与外层薄膜的厚度有关。     

超燃冲压发动机进气道低马赫数起动性能研究

为探讨高超声速进气道在低马赫数普遍存在的起动问题,采用等激波强度法设计了超燃冲压发动机二维混压式前体／进气道,给出了前体／进气道的几何尺寸,对所设计的进气道在设计状态、非设计状态的性能与流场进行了数值模拟,对低马赫数下进气道的起动问题进行了研究。研究表明：设计的进气道附加阻力较小,总压恢复系数较高,在低马赫数下通过附面...     

Variability of the ionosphere over Irkutsk at low solar activity

Statistical and spectral analyses are performed to investigate variations of two ionosphere F2 layer key parameters, the critical frequency (foF2) and the peak height (hmF2), that were measured over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E) from December 2006 to January 2008 under solar minimum. The analyses showed that both parameters contain quasi-harmonic oscillations with periods of T_n = 24/n hours (n = 1–7), among which the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) ones are the strongest. Seasonal variations are explored of mean and median values, spectrum, amplitude, and phase of the diurnal and semidiurnal components of foF2 and hmF2.     

长河二号授时监测接收机设计与实现

长波授时系统是目前国际上授时精度较高的大型地基无线电授时服务系统，其授时信号采用罗兰C信号发播体制，具有作用距离远、稳定性好、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。针对GNSS信号在某些特定区域易被干扰、易失锁的问题，设计并实现了一种长河二号授时监测接收机，采用信号完好性检测、ASF（附加二次相位因子）时延修正等技术，实现了高精度、高可靠长波授时与时差监测，可作为GNSS授时的重要补充手段。     

Improved local amplification factor transport equation for stationary crossflow instability in subsonic and transonic flows

Transition prediction is a hot research topic of fluid mechanics. For subsonic and transonic aerodynamic flows, e^N method based on Linear Stability Theory (LST) is usually adopted reliably to predict transition. In 2013, Coder and Maughmer established a transport equation for Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) instability so that the e^N method can be applied to general Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) solvers conveniently. However, this equation focuses on T-S instability, and is invalid for crossflow instability induced transition which plays a crucial role in flow instability of three-dimensional boundary layers. Subsequently, a transport equation for crossflow instability was developed in 2016, which is restricted to wing-like geometries. Then, in 2019, this model was extended to arbitrarily shaped geometries based on local variables. However, there are too many tedious functions and parameters in this version, and it can only be used for incompressible flows. Hence, in this paper, after a large amount of LST analyses and parameter optimization, an improved version for subsonic and transonic boundary layers is built. The present improved model is more robust and more concise, and it can be applied widely in aeronautical flows, which has great engineering application value and significance. An extensive validation study for this improved transition model will be performed.