附加约束阻尼层后梁的振动分析

研究附加约束阻尼后梁的振动分析。在引入的位移模式中考虑了附加部分对原结构运动的相对性和阻尼层的横向剪切效应,据此推导了附加阻尼层后梁的运动方程和边界条件。通过对简支状态时梁的固有振动分析,讨论了其振动特点。同时给出了等效复刚度公式,它比原有的公式具有更高的计算精度     

离散式粗糙元诱导翼型边界层转捩的数值和实验研究

在Ma=0.6来流条件下,针对三维离散式圆柱粗糙元诱导NACA0012翼型边界层转捩问题开展了直接数值模拟(Direct numerical simulation,DNS)和油膜干涉风洞实验研究,分析了粗糙元诱导转捩的机理及粗糙元高度和相邻粗糙元间距对转捩位置的影响。结果表明,翼型表面粗糙元能够通过诱导出三维Λ涡和马蹄涡促进边界层转捩,达到转捩控制的效果。粗糙元高度和相邻粗糙元间距对边界层转捩有影响,且增加粗糙元高度和减小相邻粗糙元间距能够促进转捩。粗糙元高度对转捩的影响大于粗糙元间距,且对粗糙元后方区域影响大,对相邻粗糙元中间区域影响小。     

传热对微型摆式发动机性能的影响机制分析

建立了微型摆式发动机(Micro internal combustion swing engine,MICSE)的计算模型,揭示了传热及其尺度效应对微型摆式发动机性能的影响机制。结果表明:壳体仅在一个较薄的热缓存层内与工质气体进行周期性热交换。在进气过程中,热缓存层对气体的传热会提高气体温度,从而降低进气质量和压缩比;在做功过程中,气体对热缓存层的传热减少做功,这两方面都会降低系统热效率。尺寸越小,进气气体在热缓存层传热下的温升越大,相对进气质量和压缩比越低;做功过程中的气体向热缓存层的传热量占燃气总化学能的比值越高。因此尺寸越小,传热效应增强,热效率越低。     

超临界自然层流机翼设计及基于TSP技术的边界层转捩风洞试验

为了实现绿色航空节能减排的目标,层流设计技术成为飞行器设计者的研究热点。对于跨声速客机而言,超临界自然层流机翼设计技术将显著减小飞行阻力,提升气动性能,减少燃油消耗和污染物排放。首先,基于高精度边界层转捩预测技术耦合翼型优化设计系统,实现超临界自然层流翼型设计;经过合理的翼型配置,形成超临界自然层流机翼。转捩数值模拟分析结果表明,超临界自然层流机翼的层流流动特性良好。然后,以比例为1：10.4的试验模型在荷兰高速低湍流度风洞进行边界层转捩风洞试验,使用温度敏感材料涂层（TSP）技术拍照获得机翼表面在不同马赫数、雷诺数和迎角工况下的层流-湍流分布。最后,通过超临界自然层流机翼边界层转捩试验结果,探讨了该类型机翼的转捩特性随来流参数的变化规律,总结了超临界自然层流机翼设计的关键因素。此外,该模型也可用来验证边界层转捩预测技术在超临界、高雷诺数工况下的预测精度。     

超声速混合层中边频扰动的气动声场

为研究超声速流动下混合层声辐射机理,提高对超声速混合层气动噪声的认识,利用抛物化稳定性方程(PSE)考察一对频率接近失稳扰动的非线性演化,分析近场差频扰动的演化特征,并结合Wu积分理论计算远场声辐射特性。结果表明,超声速混合层中频谱拓宽与差频扰动有关,差频扰动的产生,拓宽了远场马赫波辐射范围,增大了远场马赫波辐射强度。对于快模态扰动,差频扰动频率越小,其增长能力越强,远场马赫波辐射区域越宽;对于慢模态扰动,差频扰动频率大小对其增长能力影响不明显,远场马赫波辐射范围和强度变化不大。      

侧滑角对鼓包诱导曲面激波/边界层干扰特性的影响

利用仿真方法对侧滑条件下设计马赫数为2的三维壁面鼓包诱导流场进行了研究。结果表明:随着侧滑角的增大,迎风面的展向压力梯度增大,鼓包表面高压中心向迎风面偏移使得迎风面前缘旋涡强度增强,迎风侧出口总压恢复损失,最终导致鼓包下游流场畸变增加。同时鼓包表面流动拓扑结构表明,随着侧滑角的增加,迎风面分离区的准锥形相似特性增强,而背风面由准锥形相似逐渐发展为准柱形相似。      

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Effect of drag reducing riblet surface on coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer

The characteristics of turbulent boundary layer over streamwise aligned drag reducing riblet surface under zero-pressure gradient are investigated using particle image velocimetry. The formation and distribution of large-scale coherent structures and their effect on momentum partition are analyzed using two-point correlation and probability density function. Compared with smooth surface, the streamwise riblets reduce the friction velocity and Reynolds stress in the turbulent boundary layer, indicating the drag reduction effect. Strong correlation has been found between the occurrence of hairpin vortices and the momentum distribution. The number and streamwise length scale of hairpin vortices decrease over streamwise riblet surface. The correlation between number of uniform momentum zones and Reynolds number remains the same as smooth surface.     

水陆两栖飞机的关键技术和产业应用前景

水陆两栖飞机历经百年的发展,已成为飞机大家族中的稀有机型,但其在现代航空工业中的存在价值和意义却不容忽视,其独特的水陆起降特性更使其依然具有在民用和军事多个领域中应用的优势。除了陆基飞机常规的设计制造技术外,水陆两栖飞机特有的关键技术则是其优良水面起降特性的技术保障,也是航空技术发展的一个重要方面。本文从传统布局和现代创新布局两个方面阐释了水陆两栖飞机的设计特点和技术特征以及发展转变,从水陆两栖飞机水动力特性和气动特性等方面分析了影响其发展的关键技术,并探讨了水陆两栖飞机的产业应用领域前景以及技术发展方向。     

局部/组合抽吸对压气机叶栅分离流动控制的机理研究

为了研究不同抽吸形式对压气机内部分离流动的控制效果和机理,基于数值模拟方法,对内部同时存在角区分离和附面层分离的直列叶栅进行抽吸计算,共设置8套不同的方案进行了详细的探究。结果表明:对于控制分离的效果和机理,不同抽吸形式之间存在着一定差异;在分离发展的不同阶段,实施抽吸对其控制效果也有所不同。近端壁吸力面抽吸方案SS3同时减小了角区分离和近端壁处的尾缘附面层分离,尾部近吸力面沿展向静压分布为正"C"型,使角区内的低能流体向叶中流动,角区流动得到改善,但导致叶展中部流场的恶化;端壁抽吸和全叶高组合抽吸则使尾部近吸力面静压沿展向分布更均匀,低能流体的迁移现象减弱。基于以上结果可得:组合抽吸可以更有效地控制叶栅内部流动分离,降低损失,提高叶栅流通能力。