基于BDS/GPS和经验模型的区域电离层建模

基于北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）和全球定位系统（GPS）实测电离层穿刺点（IPP）数据,结合国际参考电离层（IRI）经验模型历史数据,提出一种对区域二维电离层总电子含量（TEC）进行高精度建模的方法.针对缺乏穿刺点的区域内短时间电离层建模时精度较低且各时段穿刺点空间分布不同的问题,该方法使用IRI模型在建模区域内均匀添加虚拟穿刺点数据,并根据与实测穿刺点的距离,使用构造的权重计算公式赋予其动态权重值,通过加权最小二乘法进行球谐模型参数解算.与欧洲定轨中心（CODE）发布的全球电离层图（GIM）进行数据比对发现,相对于只使用BDS/GPS实测穿刺点数据的建模方法,利用本文建模方法计算获得的垂直总电子含量（VTEC）值对缺乏实测穿刺点的区域精度有明显的提升.      

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.     

改进的平方根UKF在再入滑翔目标跟踪中的应用

针对临近空间高超声速再入滑翔目标跟踪问题，提出了一种基于新气动力模型的改进的平方根UKF滤波算法(ISR-UKF)。首先对气动力模型进行了变换。其次，在传统平方根UKF基础上，改用球形无迹变换来计算权系数以及sigma点；改进了平方根矩阵的分解方法；同时为解决矩阵求逆易出现奇异值使滤波失效的问题，提出在协方差矩阵更新中引入多重次稳定因子。最后将该算法分别与基于原气动力的ISR-UKF，基于新气动力的平方根UKF以及基于原气动力的平方根UKF进行仿真比较。仿真表明，该算法具有良好的滤波性能，而且能避免奇异值问题的出现，具有很好的可靠性。     

The spatio-spectral localization approach to modeling VTEC over the western part of the USA using GPS observations

The precise ionosphere modeling is crucial and remains a challenge for GPS positioning and navigation, as well as many other Earth observation systems. In this research, two approaches have been proposed to model the vertical total electron content (VTEC) of the ionosphere using spherical slepian function. For the two-dimensional case, VTEC has been modeled in a sun-fixed reference frame and the three-dimensional approach based on the system of the three-dimensional base functions has been defined as the tensor product of the spherical slepian function for the longitude and latitude in an Earth-fixed reference frame, and the polynomial B-spline function for time. Rather than the spherical harmonics, the spherical slepian functions can be employed to produce the locally and globally orthogonal bases to optimally represent the data in any arbitrary region up to a given degree. The spherical slepian functions have been applied to the real data obtained from the ground-based GPS observation across the western part of the USA.     

Optical response of nanosatellite BLITS measured by the Graz 2 kHz SLR system

The nanosatellite BLITS (Ball Lens In The Space) is the first object designed as a passive, spherical retroreflector of the Luneburg type, dedicated for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The optical response of BLITS has been measured by the Graz 2 kHz SLR station and compared with the response of the classical retroreflector arrays (RRA) of the Low Earth Orbiting satellites such as ERS-2 and Stella. This work demonstrates that the optical response of BLITS is flat and featureless, comparable with the signature of a point-source or a flat target, and suggests that this innovative design will deliver a higher normal point (NP) accuracy (2.55 mm) than any other SLR target currently in orbit. The high reflectivity of the glassy BLITS (about 60% of the return rate from the multi-reflector Stella) is found to be decreasing by about 30% per year, probably due to the solar irradiation. Detailed analysis of the reflective half-shell demonstrates that a high return rate of SLR measurements can be achieved regardless of the incident angle of the laser beam, thus making the spherical lens a perfect successor of the classical RRA panels mounted on active satellites such as CHAMP, GOCE and GRACE.     

引信半实物射频仿真中的近场效应

对引信半实物射频仿真中的近场效应进行了研究。建立了引信射频仿真中阵列单元天线在引信天线上产生球面波的相对幅值与相位,以及锥削的解析式。推导了球面波条件下引信射频仿真阵面曲率半径的计算公式。研究认为：若参试引信天线参数不满足球面波条件的计算公式时,须对近场效应的锥削进行修正。     

一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型

针对单频接收机的电离层延迟改正问题, 提出了一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型. 按照电离层延迟改正模型参数择优问题的描述, 明确参数优化的目标和约束条件, 根据参数选择可编码的特点, 提出了利用遗传算法进行参数择优的方法及步骤. 以欧洲定轨中心(CODE)提供的电离层数据作为参考标准, 对参数择优模型、 低阶球谐模型和Klobuchar模型模拟的区域电离层VTEC精度进行了比较分析. 结果表明, 较之相同系数个数的低阶球谐模型, 参数择优模型精度平均改进了1～2TECU, 而且比Klobuchar模型及低阶球谐模型能更好地反映电离层的周日变化及纬度变化特征.      

利用谱方法数值求解三维球坐标系下的Navier-Stokes方程

从三维球坐标系下的Navier-Stokes方程出发,采用谱配置方法建立了一个三维球坐标系下中层大气波动传播的全非线性动力学数值模式;构造了合理的纬向边界,并利用初始给定的重力波波包对该模式进行了数值检验．计算结果展示了重力波波包在大气中传播的三维图像,波包整体向上传播,波相关扰动速度随高度的增加而增长．     

加工航空用柱塞泵的球型铰刀结构设计

针对目前国内航空用柱塞泵产品加工中存在的柱塞孔加工质量差、效率低的问题,参照国外类似产品加工经验,提出球型铰刀铰孔的加工方式。研究利用球型定心好、受力均匀、阻力小的特点,改进铰刀的传统结构。通过在刀具形状、尺寸、材料、耐磨性等方面改进,开发出新型铰刀的设计结构。与现有加工方式进行对比,球型铰刀能够明显提高所加工孔的圆柱度和表面质量,并具有制造成本低廉、实用性强的特点。     

复杂约束下航天器姿态机动球面几何规划方法

针对航天器进行大角度姿态机动过程中约束多且复杂的问题,提出一种基于球面几何的姿态规划方法.该方法将复杂指向约束描述为多个禁入锥,设计了区分有效约束和无效约束的路径约束检测方法,能有效减少当前路径处理的约束数量;然后将三维空间避障问题映射到二维平面上,通过球面几何距离公式推导了中间姿态指令解析解.仿真结果表明,该方法规划...