Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer around a spherical aerostat

Forced convective heat transfer is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. Due to the large physical size, the convection around an aerostat has high Reynolds numbers. The existing forced convective heat transfer correlations are limited to the Reynolds number lower than 10⁵, which are not appropriate for aerostat applications. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a convective heat transfer correlation applicable to spherical aerostats at high Reynolds numbers. In this paper, steady convective heat transfer from an isothermal spherical aerostat is numerically investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out by commercial computational fluid dynamic software with the Reynolds number from 20 to 10⁸. The average Nusselt numbers are obtained and compared with those of available in literature. Based on regression and optimization with software, a new piecewise correlation of Nusselt number is proposed. The verification shows that the new correlation is reliable.     

基于修正罗德里格参数的小卫星SSUKF姿态确定

用无陀螺的三轴稳定偏置动量小卫星三轴磁强计和太阳敏感器获得观测矢量,提出了一种基于超球面分布采样Unscented变换滤波(SSUKF)和修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)的姿态估计方法,给出了算法模型.SSUKF在保证滤波性能的基础上减少了采样点个数,减轻了星载计算机的负载;用MRPs描述小卫星姿态大幅减少了计算量.某小卫星的仿真结果表明:算法兼顾了精度、收敛速度和鲁棒性,且提高了计算效率,适于小卫星.     

脉冲微孔喷射技术及其在增材制造方面的应用

介绍了用于制造单分散球形微米级粒子的脉冲微孔喷射技术.根据微滴制备原理,可将其分为适用于低熔点材料的压片式喷射装置及适用于高熔点材料的传动杆式喷射装置,分别阐述了两种方式的脉冲微孔喷射技术的喷射原理、相关特点以及该技术的发展和研究现状.目前,采用脉冲微孔喷射技术已成功制备出金属、半导体及生体材料单分散微粒子,具有粒径均一、圆球度高等优势.通过与其他微米级粒子制备技术,如均匀液滴喷射法、气动式按需喷射法及雾化法相比较,在诸多方面显示出脉冲微孔喷射法的独特优点.与此同时,分别讨论了脉冲微孔喷射技术在增材制造方面的潜在应用,可直接使用微米级粒子作为增材制造用粉体以及液滴沉积成型.鉴于脉冲微孔喷射技术的独特性,可以预见随着研究的不断深入,脉冲微孔喷射技术将在增材制造方面具有更加广阔的发展空间和应用前景.     

中国及邻近地区地磁场垂直梯度的计算与研究

根据地磁场的球谐模型,推导出地磁场各个分量垂直梯度的球谐表达式.计算出中国及邻近地区高度为0km,50km和100km处的地磁场及其垂直梯度的网点值,编绘出地磁总强度、垂直强度、水平强度和磁偏角的垂直梯度等值线图.研究了地磁场垂直梯度在地面上以及随高度的变化规律.     

飞行器油泵柱塞座的收口与扩口

介绍了飞行器油泵柱塞座的结构,分析了柱塞座收口与扩口的组合难点,通过试验分析找到了合理的工艺路线及组合参数。     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

极轴式望远镜系统误差修正方法研究

为提高极轴式望远镜的测量精度,借鉴地平式望远镜的系统误差修正方法,推导了基于轴系和球谐函数的极轴式望远镜系统误差修正模型,在分析2种误差修正模型误差项不足的基础上,探索性地提出了一种新的误差修正模型——改进球谐函数系统误差修正模型。对实际测星数据进行误差修正的结果表明,进行改进球谐函数系统误差修正后,精度在时角和赤纬方向上比其他方法提高了50%。     

微重力下球形贮箱内液体晃动有限元模拟

以卫星球形贮箱为研究对象,用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)法建立了数学模型,给出了计算的基本方程,并基于MSC-Dytran有限元程序,对常重力和微重力环境中贮箱内推进剂的晃动进行了数值模拟。结果表明,微重力环境中液体更易发生大幅晃动,甚至产生飞溅,工程中常用的等效力学模型已不再适用,而有限元数值模拟方法可较好地解决该问题,为卫星及大充液复杂结构航天器控制系统的设计和分析提供理论参考。     

横向激励下液体大幅晃动建模分析

研究部分充液球形贮箱内的液体在横向推力作用下发生大幅晃动的等效力学模型,建模过程同时考虑平动和转动激励。建立一种新的等效模型,首次提出液体的静平衡表面垂直于等效重力方向的假设,将液体的大幅运动分解为跟随等效重力的整体运动和在此基础上的小幅晃动,该等效模型能够更好地模拟液体大幅晃动情形。将仿真得到的晃动力和力矩与传统等效模型及Flow-3d的结果进行对比,验证了新模型的有效性和准确性。该模型可应用于探月软着陆悬停避障过程等实际工程问题中。     

无反作用力矩空间机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对目前关节驱动方式的不足,提出一种采用无反作用力矩驱动方式的空间机器人设计概念。系统平台与各节机械臂上均安装一组金字塔构型的控制力矩陀螺（CMGs）作为力矩执行机构,各臂间由自由球铰连接。采用Rodriguez参数描述平台姿态和机械臂角位移,利用Kane方程建立系统动力学模型。在此基础上,设计了渐近稳定的轨迹跟踪控制律,使得平台姿态和机械臂角位移跟踪期望运动轨迹;并设计了CMGs操纵律,使之准确输出期望控制力矩。此外,研究了机械臂工作空间到关节空间的轨迹规划算法,使得所设计的控制律也可应用于工作空间的轨迹跟踪控制。由三关节系统的仿真结果,验证了无反作用力矩设计概念的可行性和轨迹规划算法的有效性。