Simulation of X-ray and gamma ray detector response and spectral deconvolution

A detailed Monte-Carlo code has been developed from basic principles that simulates the responses of high energy photon detectors to incident beams of photons. The detector response matrice (DRM)s are calculated using this code. Deconvolution of an artificially generated spectrum is presented.     

Assessment of plant vitality detection through fluorescence and reflectance imagery

Recent studies of the vegetation fluorescence show that it can be successfully used as an intrinsic indicator of plant photosynthetic activity. With respect to the vegetation spectral reflectance, the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence is more specific as an observable of basic biophysical processes in the plant cells. Laser induced fluorescence is widely used in near range remote sensing, but it is not suitable for the global monitoring of vegetation. Decades of active fluorometry studies have collected useful information of leaf reaction to natural and anthropogenic stress. Still the passive fluorescence, the one that could be registered from satellite orbit has still to prove its advantage over widely used reflectance signature. The weakness of the signal and the lack of experience with passive fluorescence measurements require extensive technical, theoretical and experimental studies. New imaging fluorometres are to be designed for measuring steady state fluorescence in controlled and natural conditions.

In order to compare reflectance and steady state fluorescence sensitivity to stress impact, a set of experiments have been conducted under controlled illumination conditions in a bio-chamber, designed by the author’s team. The equipment allows plant vitality to be monitored both by passive fluorescence and spectral reflectance imaging. Different types of stress factors (heat and drought stress, acid impact) were investigated to demonstrate equipments ability in monitoring changes of fluorescence signal. Selected fluorescence images of foliage illustrate an early detection of plant dysfunction and the temporal and spatial spreading of the stress impact. Analysis shows that fluorescence imaging of green plants can be developed as a highly effective early warning remote sensing method, which could have application for an ecosystems’ monitoring along with high-spectral reflectance imagery.     

Spectral filter for signal identification in the kHz SLR measurements of the fast spinning satellite Ajisai

The high repetition rate satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements to the fast spinning satellites contain a frequency signal caused by the rotational motion of the corner cube reflector (CCR) array. The spectral filter, developed here, is based on the Lomb algorithm, and is tested with the simulated and the observed high repetition rate SLR data of the geodetic satellite Ajisai (spin period ∼2 s). The filter allows for the noise elimination from the SLR data, and for identification of the returns from the single CCRs of the array – even for the low return rates. Applying the spectral filter to the simulated SLR data increases the S/N ratio by a factor 40–45% for all return rates. Filtering out the noise from the observed data strengthens the frequency signal by factor of ∼25 for the low return rates, which significantly helps to determine the spin phase of the satellite. The spectral filter is applied to the Graz SLR data and the spin rates of Ajisai are determined by two different methods: the frequency analysis and the phase determination of the spinning retroreflector array.The analysis of more than 8 years of the Graz SLR measurements indicates an exponential spin rate trend: f = 0.67034 exp(−0.0148542 Y) [Hz], RMS = 0.085 mHz, where Y is the year since launch. The highly accurate spin rate information demonstrates periodic changes related to the precession of the orbital plane of Ajisai, as it determines the amount of energy received by the satellite from the Sun. The rate of deceleration of Ajisai is not constant: the half life period of the satellite’s spin oscillates around 46.7 years with an amplitude of about 5 years.     

空间目标的地面光谱特性和星等估计

针对自适应光学系统将要探测的空间非自发光目标,进行了光谱特性和星等估计的研究;研究了空间非自发光目标反射太阳光穿过大气层而进入自适应光学系统的波前探测器的子孔径内的光子速率;同时还针对反射太阳光的空间目标亮度太低,研究了激光照射目标后的相应情况。     

壁稳电弧等离子体温度和辐射标准设备的研制

研制了氩壁稳电弧等离子体装置,其最大功率25kW,电流0～140A,4小时内电流的稳定性0.005%,纹波系数0.1%。在可靠的状态诊断实验基础上测试了主要性能。当压力为0.1～0.5MPa、电流不小于20A 时,电弧轴心区等离子体是LTE(局部热力学平衡)的。60A 电流下4小时内 ArI430.0nm 谱线辐射的稳定性±1.0%,1个月内的再现性±1.8%,温度可调范围10000～16000K,不确定度0.4%。同时测定了某些特定谱线斯塔克宽度与电子密度的实验关系。结果表明,性能完全达到了建立10000～15000K温度和近紫外高强度及真空紫外辐射标准的要求。     

利用青海湖对FY—1C、FY—2B气象卫星热红外通道进行在轨辐射定标

介绍利用青海湖辐射校正场对FY－1C、FY2B气象卫星热红外通道进行在轨辐射定标，先用CE312野外热红外辐射计在水面测量水表辐亮度，再经大气订正传递到卫星入瞳处，大气订正包括大气吸收削弱和大气产生热发射影响，这两部分对卫星信号的贡献通过辐射传输模式MODTRAN37计算出来，同时进行CE312与卫星通道光谱响应匹配，最终得到卫星入瞳处的表观辐亮度，这个辐亮度与卫星通道的计数值得到该通道绝对定标系数。我们对两颗卫星进行了多次定标，结果表明利用青海湖进行的在轨定标与星上定标系数相差5％左右，相当于3K的亮温差。     

空间调制光谱成像仪相对辐射校正方法研究

空间调制干涉光谱成像仪不同于其他类型光谱成像仪,其得到的是包含地物空间信息和光谱信息的立方体干涉数据。该光谱成像仪由于原理特殊,在轨数据定标方法尚不成熟。文中介绍了一种基于统计思想来计算探测器CCD辐射模型的在轨相对辐射校正方法,并通过对"环境一号"A卫星上测得的实际在轨数据进行相应的处理,来验证该相对辐射校正处理效果。结果表明该方法可以达到修正CCD响应不均匀性、光场不均匀性和减小非线性相位偏移的双重作用,提高复原光谱的精度。     

基于高阶谱约简的变结构模糊神经网络

针对先验知识不完备和不确定的情况下海量数据造成的冗余和互斥，模糊神经网络结构变得复杂化并不能很快逼近和分类输出对象的情况，提出了一种基于高阶谱完成规则约简的变结构模糊神经网络的模型。相同结论属性的模糊规则的条件属性值可以被认为是由若干个谐波成分组成的平稳信号，并且此信号可以采用高阶谱分析来估计其谐波成分，规则的最小约简集与谐波对应。在完成了谐波估计后，神经网络结构和连接权值发生改变，神经网络的性能也得到优化。最后给出了此模型在航迹融合中应用的一个例子，得到了较好的结果。     

星载合成孔径雷达快视成像

通过对星载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)原始回波信号的分析 ,推导出星载SAR快视成像算法 (SPECAN算法 ) ,并分析了SPECAN算法的主要难点。最后用SPECAN算法对实际星载SAR回波数据进行成像 ,进一步验证了用SPECAN算法进行快视成像的高效性。     

航天多光谱遥感器系统响应均匀性指标分析

航天多光谱遥感器是对地物信息进行多谱段探测的,通过各谱段信息计算确定地物目标、状态等为国民经济服务。遥感器系统响应均匀性直接影响着遥感数据的判读,文中分析了系统响应均匀性的影响因素,提出了系统响应均匀性指标分配依据和解决措施。