基于深度学习的毫米波和亚毫米波成像仪的图像增强技术

风云四号卫星毫米波和亚毫米波成像仪(MMSI)数据根据采样方式分为过采样和非过采样数据。由于采样方式的影响,非过采样数据在采样过程中会有一定的信息损失。为解决采用简单的线性插值方法做精细化处理时提升精度有限问题,采用基于深度学习的方法增强MMSI亮温图像,设计卷积神经网络重建风云四号卫星MMSI的亮温图像和风云三号卫星微波成像仪亮温图像。实验结果显示:相比传统的双三次插值方法,在风云三号卫星微波成像仪亮温图像样本上峰值信噪比提升了1.13dB,结构相似度提升了0.01。实验结果表明:对于非过采样亮温数据,采用基于深度学习的方法增强图像具有更高的精度,同时可在其他微波探测仪数据中使用,具有很强的普适性。     

Spatial approaches to moons from resonance relative to invariant manifolds

In this study, the final approach to a moon or other body from resonance is explored and compared to the invariant manifolds of unstable periodic orbits. It is shown that the stable manifolds of planar Lyapunov orbits can act as a guide for the periods or resonances that are required for the final approach in both the planar and spatial problems. Previously developed techniques for the planar problem are expanded for use with resonances and used for comparison with trajectories approaching a moon from these resonances. A similar technique is then used for exploring the relationship of invariant manifolds to approach trajectories in the spatial problem. It is shown that the invariant manifolds of unstable periodic orbits provide insight into the trajectory design, and they can be used as a guide to the more direct approach trajectories.     

Dynamics of a spacecraft and normalization around Lagrangian points in the Neptune–Triton system

The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune–Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune’s satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a × I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton’s orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L₂, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincaré section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method.     

基于Kriging模型插值的孔位修正策略

飞机装配时的孔位精度直接影响其最终装配质量，而待制孔零件易发生变形和整体偏移，因此一般通过基准孔信息对待制孔位进行补偿。提出一种基于Kriging插值的孔位修正方法，通过基准孔建立孔位理论坐标与实际偏差值的Kriging模型，进而预测待制孔的孔位偏差，并给出每个位置的预测标准误差，以指导基准孔的增添和布置。最后通过有限元和数值实验分别验证了零件在极限变形和整体平移旋转情况下该方法的有效性，实现了孔位估计误差小于0.3 mm。     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

用任意拉格朗日--欧拉方法求解流体力学方程组

从积分形式的二维Lagrange流体力学方程组出发，用有限体积格式进行计算，针对不规则的四边形网格，在用次级网格的方法确定网眼内物理量的梯度的基础上，提出一种体积加权的方法来构造网眼内的线性插值多项式。将新网格进行了细划，先确定新网格小网眼中心点的密度，将小网眼的质量直接计算出来，再计算新网格的质量，然后确定相应的密度，从而实现高精度重映。最后用ALE方法进行数值模拟，得到了预期的效果。     

Influence of the gravitational vertical on geometric visual illusions

The occurrence of geometric orientation illusions and the perception of ambiguous figures were analyzed in 24 subjects during static body tilt relative to gravity on Earth. Results showed that illusions such as the Rock's diamond/square, the Ponzo illusion, and orientation contrast illusions occurred less frequently, and that depth reversal of ambiguous figures took more time when subjects were lying on their side or supine compared to upright, thus suggesting that the gravitational reference plays a significant role in these “visual” illusions. The structure of images, our representation of the environment, and orientation relative to gravity are all integral parts in interpreting visual images. In a weightless environment where no gravitational reference can be used, it is expected that similar alterations in visual perception will occur.     

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

Assessment study of ionosphere correction model using single- and multi-shell algorithms approach over sub-Saharan African region

It is a known fact that ionosphere is the largest and the least predictable among the sources of error limiting the reliability and accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and its regional augmentation systems like Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) in a safety-of-life application. The situation becomes worse in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region, where the daytime ionization distribution is modified by the fountain effect that develops a crest of electron density at around ±15° to ±20° of the magnetic equator and a trough at the magnetic equator during the local noon hours. Related to this phenomenon is the appearance of ionosphere irregularities and plasma bubbles after local sunset. These may degrade further the quality of service obtained from the GNSS/SBAS system of the said periods. Considering the present operational augmentation systems, the accuracy and integrity of the ionosphere corrections estimate decreases as the level of disturbances increases. In order to provide a correct ionosphere correction to the user of GNSS operating in African EIA region and meet the integrity requirements, a certified ionosphere correction model that accurately characterizes EIA gradient with the full capacity to over-bound the residual error will be needed. An irregularities detector and a decorrelation adaptor are essential in an algorithm usable for African sub-Saharan SBAS operation. The algorithm should be able to cater to the equatorial plasma vertical drifts, diurnal and seasonal variability of the ionosphere electron density and also should take into account the large spatial and temporal gradients in the region. This study presents the assessment of the ionosphere threat model with single and multi-layer algorithm, using modified planar fit and Kriging approaches.     

Spatial transformation of general sampling-aliasing frequency region for rotating-blade parameter identification with emphasis on single-probe blade tip-timing measurement

Blade-health monitoring is intensely required for turbomachinery because of the high failure risk of rotating blades. Blade-Tip Timing (BTT) is considered as the most promising technique for operational blade-vibration monitoring, which obtains the parameters that characterize the blade condition from recorded signals. However, its application is hindered by severe undersampling and stringent probe layouts. An inappropriate probe layout can make most of the existing methods invalid or inaccurate. Additionally, a general conflict arises between the allowed and required layouts because of arrangement restrictions. For the sake of economy and safety, parameter identification based on fewer probes has been preferred by users. In this work, a spatial-transformation-based method for parameter identification is proposed based on a single-probe BTT measurement. To present the general Sampling-Aliasing Frequency (SAFE) map definition, the traditional time–frequency analysis methods are extended to a time-sampling frequency. Then, a SAFE map is projected onto a parameter space using spatial transformation to extract the slope and intercept parameters, which can be physically interpreted as an engine order and a natural frequency using coordinate transformation. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments under uniformly and nonuniformly variable speed conditions.