Precise line-of-sight modelling for angles-only relative navigation

This work presents a precise analytical model to reconstruct the line-of-sight vector to a target satellite over time, as required by angles-only relative navigation systems for application to rendezvous missions. The model includes the effects of the geopotential, featuring: the analytical propagation in the mean relative orbital elements (up to second-order expansion), the analytical two-way osculating/mean orbital elements’ conversion (second-order in $J_2$ and up to a given degree and order of the geopotential), and a second-order mapping from the perturbed osculating elements’ set to the local orbital frame. Performances are assessed against the line-of-sight reconstructed out of the precise GPS-based positioning products of the PRISMA mission. The line-of-sight modelled over a far-range one day long scenario can be fitted against the true one presenting residuals of the order of ten arc-seconds, which is below the typical sensor noise at far-range.     

OSIRIS-REx low-velocity particles during outbound cruise

We analyzed high-angular rate streaks first recorded by OSIRIS-REx’s MapCam during a 2017 search for Earth Trojan asteroids. We interpret them as water-ice particles that translated across the imager’s field of view, originating from the spacecraft itself. Their translation velocities approximated 0.1–1?m/s based on reasonable conclusions about their range. Pursuing several lines of investigation to seek a coherent hypothesis, we conclude that the episodic releases of the water ice particles are associated with spacecraft attitudes that resulted in solar illumination of previously shadowed regions. This correlation suggests that the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft itself possesses micro-climatic zones consisting of hot regions and cold traps that may temporarily potentially pass volatiles back and forth before losing most of them.     

航天器TDRSS中继终端入网验证初探

针对国内外航天系统的现状,介绍了NASA航天器TDRSS系统的应用情况和中继终端入网验证技术。在此基础上,面向航天器测控的发展方向,从综合利用中继终端入网验证设施、分析中继终端入网验证流程和管理体制方面,探讨了未来我国航天器TDRSS中继终端入网验证的设想。     

布雷顿和卡诺热机循环性能比较(Ⅱ)定常态流变温热源循环

研究定常态变温热源热机循环性能，导出内可逆卡诺热机和布雷顿热机的最佳功率、效率关系和最大功率及相应的效率界限，并对这两种热机循环的最优性能进行了比较。理论分析表明，在相同的边界条件和热效率下，布雷顿循环的功率可以高于卡诺循环的功率，极限情况下前者是后者的两倍。对于变温热源条件，布雷顿循环主要受益于其工质与热源间有较佳的匹配。所得结果对热机工作参数和工质的最优选择有一定指导意义。     

航天器推进系统故障诊断专家系统的研制开发

论述了设计航天器推进系统故障监测与诊断专家系统的重要性和必要性。并结合具体工程背景所研制开发的诊断系统, 研究了其主要的设计思想、特点、功能以及软件需求分析,实现软／硬件环境     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.     

影响环月飞行器定轨精度的误差源分析

以我国正在实施的探月计划“嫦娥1号”工程为背案,在现有测控网分布、观测弧段以及尽可能接近真实情况的误差源等前提下,利用仿真模拟的方法对影响环月飞行器定轨精度的误差源进行了初步探讨和分析。重点考察了月球重力场误差、观测量精度、初始时刻的先验轨道误差以及观测资料类型等对环月飞行器定轨精度的影响。     

多层隔热材料及其在航天器上的应用

综述了我层隔热材料的隔热原理、隔热性能表征方法、组成、性能,以及在航天器上的应用。通过选用不同的反射屏和间隔物可得到一系列常温、中温和高温使用的多层隔热材料。对于以双面镀铝聚酯薄膜为反射屏的常温多层材料,采用疏松纤维、网、泡沫塑料的间隔物,均有良好的隔热性能,其当量热导率可达１０＾－４Ｗ／ｍ．Ｋ的量级。     

真空羽流逆流污染的理论计算

针对普遍关注的羽流逆流污染问题,讨论了喷管出口背部位置受到的回流分子撞击热污染和分子沉积问题,从分子运动论和统计力学出发编制了计算程序,对不同的算例进行了计算,得到符合规律的结果,为火箭发动机设计和科学试验提供了理论依据。     

航天器推进系统管路充填过程动态特性(Ⅱ)实验模拟与结果评估

针对某一具有工程背景的卫星推进系统,建立了一个包括抽真空设备的实验模拟系统,以水为介质进行真空充填过程实验研究,结果表明充填过程中存在较强水击;利用数学模型对实验室系统充填过程进行仿真,计算结果与实验测量值吻合,表明模型仿真是可靠的。