一种精确计算航天器本体对太阳电池阵遮挡的方法

针对航天器太阳电池阵电设计和热设计中需要准确考虑阴影影响的问题,提出了一种可以精确计算太阳电池阵阴影的方法。首先使用三角网格来建立3D模型,其次考虑了航天器本体构件间的相对运动,然后用一个“包围盒”去截取模型上的三角网格点,再把这些点投射到太阳电池阵上,最后把太阳电池阵分成小方格,分别使用逐点比较法和最小矩形法来生成阴影图形。给出了月球车遮挡计算的实例,仿真分析表明生成阴影图形时,最小矩形法具有更高的速度。使用本文所述的方法,可计算结构复杂、构件间有相对运动的航天器本体对太阳电池阵造成的遮挡,能生成精确的阴影图形,为后续计算受遮挡的太阳电池阵的输出特性奠定了基础。     

航天器随机振动设计载荷比较

将直接影响航天器结构质量的随机振动载荷等效为准静态的设计载荷,是航天器结构设计分析中的一项重要内容。文章简要介绍了基于加速度峰值响应等效的设计载荷与基于位移峰值响应等效的设计载荷的原理与方法;重点运用解析法与有限元仿真比较了两种方法的差别,分析得出基于加速度的设计载荷要大于基于位移的设计载荷。文章推荐使用基于位移峰值响应等效的设计载荷,该方法将有效减轻结构质量。     

低轨航天器磁推进及其能力估算

针对地球空间磁场分布特点,提出可用于实现低轨航天器轨道维持、轨道变更的无质消耗推进技术。从基本的磁学理论出发,建立了带磁航天器在地球空间磁场中的飞行磁推力模型,阐述了通过航天器磁性获取无工质消耗连续推力的磁推进概念和原理,阐明了作用机理,提出了磁力矩解耦的磁力线追踪推力策略,给出了磁推进的能力包络和轨道高度保持与提升的典型估算结果。分析表明,当飞行体磁矩达到10⁶Am²量级以上时,可以有效用于600~1000km范围内轨道高度保持或提升。此外,文章还简要分析了实现高磁矩的技术可行性。     

椭圆轨道相对动力学状态转移矩阵

针对已有研究的不足,给出了更加便于理论分析和工程应用,并具有普遍适用性的状态转移矩阵的一种新形式。基于Lawden方程推导了以三维空间中位置-速度表示的状态转移矩阵元素的具体表达式,并将其由角域变换到时域,得到了表示真实位置速度的状态转移矩阵,通过初等变换可以从该矩阵得到任意需要的形式。仿真结果表明了状态转移矩阵的有效性,可将其用于任意偏心率椭圆轨道的三维轨道交会、轨道修正、编队队形设计及控制问题。     

航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别

针对当前航天器研制中日益突出的单粒子防护量化设计问题,分析了单粒子软错误对航天器影响的特征,建立了评估器件或设备单粒子软错误对航天器影响的危害时间模型,给出了航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别方法和步骤,为改进航天器单粒子防护设计提供了客观依据。     

航天器声振力学环境预示与验证

针对航天器声振力学环境预示的难题,开展大型复杂航天器声振力学环境的预示方法研究和试验验证。首先结合航天器声振力学环境的特点,研究采用混合有限元-统计能量分析（FE-SEA）方法建立航天器声振预示模型的关键技术,在此基础上建立整星级和系统级航天器（整流罩-卫星-仪器舱-适配器组合体）的混合预示模型,最后将预示结果与噪声试验数据进行对比,验证了预示方法和模型的有效性,并基于分析结果探讨影响航天器声振力学环境预示精度的关键环节。     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

Nonlinear attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with multiple delays

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with delay free and communication delays. With help of the idea of sliding control, an adaptive attitude synchronization control architecture is established. Furthermore, by introducing a nonsmooth feedback function, a new class of nonlinear controllers for the attitude tracking of spacecraft is developed. Both parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances are dealt with via the kind of controllers. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.     

相变装置二维方腔内空穴分布规律研究

为了解微重力条件下空穴对相变传热过程的影响,在焓法的基础上增加了基于温度排序算法的空穴模型,在求解过程分析了温度场和空穴之间的相互作用;建立了相变装置的二维模型;研究了空穴在周期外热流条件下的移动规律。结果表明,从初始时刻到第8个轨道周期,低温区空穴逐渐消失并在高温区出现,空穴沿等温线方向扩散并最终积聚在高温边界附近,空穴的移动使传热路径上的热阻增大,导致相变装置冷热边界的传热温差增加了3℃。