Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

A genetic algorithm for Initial Orbit Determination from a too short arc optical observation

Optical observations constitute a source of angular measurements of a satellite pass. Commonly, these observations have short durations with respect to the satellite orbit period. As a consequence, the use of classical orbit determination algorithms, as Laplace, Gauss or Escobal methods, give very poor results. The present work faces with the problem of estimating the orbital parameters of an orbiting object using its optical streak acquired by a telescope or a high accuracy camera. In the paper a new technique is developed for the Initial Orbit Determination from optical data by exploiting the genetic algorithms. The algorithm works without restrictions on the observer location. A recent challenging problem is the Initial Orbit Determination with space-based observations. This work focuses on the problem of determinating the orbital parameters of a satellite from an orbiting observer in LEO, using short time observations. We present the results based on a simulation with the observer on a sun-synchronous orbit with a single observation of just 60 s. Monte Carlo simulations are presented with different levels of sensor accuracy to show the reliability of the algorithm. The algorithm is able to yield a candidate solution for each observation. The coplanar case is analyzed and discussed as well.     

子孔径拼接测量基本算法与迭代算法的性能比较研究

从原理上对子孔径拼接的基本算法与迭代算法即SASL算法进行了比较分析,提出利用SASL算法中重叠计算子问题的求解方法来确定基本算法中的重叠对应关系,并对两种算法的性能进行了对比研究。结果表明SASL算法对于子孔径的对准误差更不敏感,拼接测量结果更为可靠,且适用于平面、球面和非球面。     

基于永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的地面沉降监测

城市施工建设及地下水开采活动日益频繁，导致城市地面沉降问题日益严重。虽然传统地面沉降监测技术的精度较高，但成本也高。近年来，星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术发展起来，已被用于监测大范围地表形变，具有低成本、大面积、高精度等特点。首次采用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PSInSAR)技术，监测上海西南某区域2017—2021年间的地面沉降。结果显示:除一处楼房外，该区域大部分地区未发生沉降，最大沉降速率约-7.10 mm/a，最大沉降量约25.43 mm。采用该技术监测沉降，一方面节省了大量的人力和物力;另一方面，本研究成果对城市地表沉降的科学防治具有重要的参考意义。