基于中低轨星座对弹道导弹监视的可探测模型

分析了中低轨卫星及星载红外传感器对导弹目标的可探测性因素,提出了几何可见、光学可见和设备可见的概念,建立了单星对导弹的可观测模型。对Walker-δ星座的3*7,7*3两种构型进行了仿真,讨论了传感器工作模式和作用距离的影响,以及可见率的数值特性,并演示了3个任务对单弹道接力跟踪的典型情形。     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

A genetic algorithm for Initial Orbit Determination from a too short arc optical observation

Optical observations constitute a source of angular measurements of a satellite pass. Commonly, these observations have short durations with respect to the satellite orbit period. As a consequence, the use of classical orbit determination algorithms, as Laplace, Gauss or Escobal methods, give very poor results. The present work faces with the problem of estimating the orbital parameters of an orbiting object using its optical streak acquired by a telescope or a high accuracy camera. In the paper a new technique is developed for the Initial Orbit Determination from optical data by exploiting the genetic algorithms. The algorithm works without restrictions on the observer location. A recent challenging problem is the Initial Orbit Determination with space-based observations. This work focuses on the problem of determinating the orbital parameters of a satellite from an orbiting observer in LEO, using short time observations. We present the results based on a simulation with the observer on a sun-synchronous orbit with a single observation of just 60 s. Monte Carlo simulations are presented with different levels of sensor accuracy to show the reliability of the algorithm. The algorithm is able to yield a candidate solution for each observation. The coplanar case is analyzed and discussed as well.     

天基观测目标卫星光度特性分析

从辐射理论出发,推导出两种卫星基本漫反射表面(柱体和平板)的辐射照度计算公式;基于J2000.0地心赤道惯性坐标系,分析了天基观测时太阳、目标卫星和观测卫星的位置矢量坐标,并进一步求出了它们之间的角度和距离关系,通过仿真算出了一定观测时间内目标卫星的视星等。仿真计算表明,天基观测由于不受地球曲率影响,且观测几何拉开,太阳相位角、观测距离变化范围较大,因此目标卫星视星等变化范围较大。     

影响惯性仪表精度长期稳定的材料学问题与对策

陀螺仪和加速度计等惯性仪表的精度对零组件的尺寸变化有着极其敏感的反应。随着对惯性仪表精度及其稳定性研究的深入,发现材料的尺寸不稳定是导致精度稳定性差的主要原因之一。以多种惯性仪表构件的常用材料为例,从材料学角度系统综述了微观缺陷、第二相、晶粒和织构、内应力以及环境因素对材料尺寸稳定性的影响规律,并提出了如何从材料内禀特性出发改善惯性仪表精度长期稳定性,展望了惯性仪表材料与工艺的未来发展方向。     

非合作机动目标天基测角定轨研究

在对空间非合作目标天基测角卡尔曼滤波定轨中,目标机动会导致常规卡尔曼滤波器发散.提出一种无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)结合带次优渐消因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波(SFUKF)的滤波定轨方法,目标无机动时使用UKF,在目标机动时使用SFUKF,给出了目标机动的判断准则.仿真结果表明,此滤波方法在目标无机动时有较高的状态估计精度,在目标...     

镉镍蓄电池维护系统的研究与设计

镉镍蓄电池充电机种类烦多,大多充电机体积大、功能单一、操作复杂,性能得不到充分发挥。设计的镉镍蓄电池维护系统,采用单片机、矩阵键盘控制和液晶显示,可实现短路保护功能、定时保护功能、日历显示功能、接反保护和报警功能、自检功能、空载提示功能、充电时间自主设定功能、充满提醒功能、温度保护功能、容量低提醒功能、常见故障帮助功能,集充电、放电和激活为一体,可对现有十种光电装备中三种型号的镉镍蓄电池组进行维护和保养。     

基于数据深度加权的卫星轨道确定技术

将统计数据深度理论应用到抗差估计中,用数据深度作为衡量残差在整个样本集中地位的统计量.提出了基于数据深度加权的抗差估计算法.考虑到天基观测结构的复杂性,设计了天基测控的误差传播因子,并构造了模型结构权对定轨模型结构进行加权.在此基础上构造了基于数据深度加权和模型结构加权的M估计算法,证明了该算法的高崩溃点特性.设计了天基测控模式下的轨道确定仿真试验,试验结果表明该估计方法能有效抑制观测粗差和模型结构误差的影响,并且能显著提高定轨算法的鲁棒性.     

某型军机军械火控系统自动测试仪的设计与研究

传统的机载火控系统性能测试技术含量低,不能满足现代战争的需要.为提高部队的快速反应能力,研制了一种基于VXI总线技术组建的机载火控系统自动测试,并给出了测试仪的硬件配置和在Lab Windows/CVI环境下的软件模块化设计方案及实现方法.机载火控系统自动测试仪的研制,为部队战时或训练现场实时测试机载火控系统的主要性能提供了方便.     

航天器天基测控技术仿真研究

天基测控技术是航天测控系统的发展方向，是弥补地基（陆基＋海基）测控系统缺陷、缓解地基测控资源紧张的有效办法。本文提出了基于“北斗一号”系统的航天器天基测控技术仿真方法，设计并建立了相应的仿真系统。基于建立的仿真系统、按照设计的仿真方法对航天器天基测控技术进行了全面仿真。仿真结果表明，基于“北斗一号”系统的天基测控技术可行，性能指标可以满足中低轨道航天器实际测控需要。