一种新的蚁群算法及其在飞行器设计中的应用

尝试将蚁群算法引入飞行器优化设计领域,为此建立了适用于高维、多目标、多约束优化问题的连续空间蚁群算法,并以高超声速飞行器气动布局的多目标优化设计为例进行了验证.优化设计结果与采用遗传算法得到的优化结果进行了对比,指出了蚁群算法的优点.该研究可为蚁群算法应用于复杂、高维的大规模飞行器设计问题提供参考.      

深空探测器无线电干涉测量开源数据处理系统构建及试验

为更好地开展深空无线电干涉测量试验,基于DiFX(Distributed FX,分布式FX型相关处理)、SPICE(Spacecraft Planet Instrument Camera-matrix Events,航天器行星仪器照相机矩阵事件)、HOPS(Haystack Observatory Postprocessing System,Haystack克天文台后处理系统)及AIPS(Astronomical Image Processing System,天文图像处理系统)等开源软件,搭建了一套可用于深空探测器信号相关处理的无线电干涉测量数据处理系统。首先介绍了该系统的整体架构及组成,然后介绍了系统各组成模块的功能及工作原理,最后利用该系统对嫦娥三号着陆器开展了观测试验,并对观测数据进行了处理。试验结果表明,该系统能成功实现深空航天器信号的相关处理、条纹拟合,以及时延解算等功能,有望为我国嫦娥五号任务及火星探测任务数据处理提供支持。     

超级单体雷暴下的改航模型研究

运用形态学的方法,从雷暴图中解析出飞行限制区,并以各个顶点的移动来描述雷暴天气的变化,从而建立危险天气模型。考虑到改航的可行性和便捷性,以最短航段距离和最大转弯角度为限制条件,在航线的两侧设置改航点,建立改航空间。在保证安全间隔的情况下,选择最短的改航路径,并按照航班优先等级确定各个航空器的改航顺序。仿真结果表明,所建模型可以在航路网受超级单体雷暴影响的情况下,为多个航空器规划出改航路径。     

轨/姿控发动机试验数据快速自动处理技术

轨/姿控发动机试验数据需即时提供,大量数据的快速自动处理技术未见报道。在简述了高空模拟试验特点、Pacific6000原理及数据文件结构后,分析了当前计算方法优缺点;在此基础上,将网络脚本语言的设计思想引入试验数据处理过程,提出了实现数据快速处理的数据流式算法,进而形成自动处理技术;基于此算法开发了工程应用软件,在实际试验中应用,取得了良好效果。该技术对类似计算和海量数据的快速处理具重要工程参考意义。     

Future of Space Astronomy: A global Road Map for the next decades

The use of space techniques continues to play a key role in the advance of astrophysics by providing access to the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to high energy γ rays. The increasing size, complexity and cost of large space observatories places a growing emphasis on international collaboration. Furthermore, combining existing and future datasets from space and “ground based” observatories is an emerging mode of powerful and relatively inexpensive research to address problems that can only be tackled by the application of large multi-wavelength observations. While the present set of astronomical facilities is impressive and covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with complementary space and “ground based” telescopes, the situation in the next 10–20 years is of critical concern. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to be launched not earlier than 2018, is the only approved future major space astronomy mission. Other major highly recommended space astronomy missions, such as the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), Large Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), have yet to be approved for development.     

Relativistic electron fluxes and dose rate variations during April–May 2010 geomagnetic disturbances in the R3DR data on ISS

Space radiation has been monitored successfully using the Radiation Risks Radiometer-Dosimeter (R3D) installed at the ESA EXPOSE-R (R3DR) facility outside of the Russian Zvezda module of the International Space Station (ISS) between March 2009 and January 2011. R3DR is a Liulin type spectrometer–dosimeter with a single Si PIN detector 2 cm² of area and 0.3 mm thick. The R3DR instrument accumulated about 2 million measurements of the absorbed dose rate and flux of 10 s resolution. The total external and internal shielding before the detector of R3DR device is 0.41 g cm⁻². The calculated stopping energy of normally incident particles to the detector is 0.78 MeV for electrons and 15.8 MeV for protons. After the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) at 09:54 UTC on 3 April 2010, a shock was observed at the ACE spacecraft at 0756 UTC on 5 April, which led to a sudden impulse on Earth at 08:26 UTC. Nevertheless, while the magnetic substorms on 5 and 6 of April were moderate; the second largest in history of GOES fluence of electrons with energy >2 MeV was measured. The R3DR data show a relatively small amount of relativistic electrons on 5 April. The maximum dose rate of 2323 μGy day⁻¹ was reached on 7 April; by 9 April, a dose of 6600 μGy was accumulated. By the end of the period on 7 May 2010 a total dose of 11,587 μGy was absorbed. Our data were compared with AE-8 MIN, CRESS and ESA-SEE1 models using SPENVIS and with similar observations on American, Japanese and Russian satellites.     

空间相机热平衡试验温度预测方法改进及应用

为实现对航天器热平衡试验平衡温度的预测,建立了热平衡温度预测的方程式,对影响预测结果的各参数进行了分析。首先,由节点网络法推导出平衡温度表达式,介绍了其基于非线性最小二乘法的求解过程,建立了平衡温度的迭代方程;其次,结合大量的试验数据,对影响迭代结果的3个因素进行了统计分析,并最终确定了各因素的合理取值范围;最后,利用温度预测程序对某空间相机热平衡试验中低温工况的平衡温度进行了预测,并与试验结束后的结果进行了对比。结果表明,预测温度与试验数据的误差为±1℃（在3%之内）,满足精度要求,对热平衡温度准确的预测有效的缩短了试验时间,节省试验费用。     

抗辐射模拟CMOS集成电路研究与设计

为研究宇宙辐射环境中航天器里的模拟互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)集成电路性能和各种效应,并在辐射效应所产生机制的基础上,从设计和工艺方面提出了模拟CMOS集成电路主要抗辐射加固设计方法.在宇宙环境中,卫星中的模拟CMOS集成电路存在CMOS半导体元器件阈值电压偏离、线性跨导减小、衬底的漏电流增加和转角1/f噪声幅值增加.所以提出了3种对模拟CMOS集成电路进行抗辐射加固的方法:1)抗辐射模拟CMOS集成电路的设计;2)抗辐射集成电路版图设计;3)单晶半导体硅膜(Silicon on Insulator,SOI)抗辐射工艺与加固设计.根据上面的设计方法研制了抗辐射加固模拟CMOS集成电路,可以取得较好的抗辐射效果.     

Estimation of ballistic coefficients of low altitude debris objects from historical two line elements

This paper presents a new method for estimating ballistic coefficients (BCs) of low perigee debris objects from their historical two line elements (TLEs). The method uses the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis of the orbit. For an object with perigee altitude below 700 km, the variation in the mean semi-major axis derived from the TLE is mainly caused by the atmospheric drag effect, and therefore is used as the source in the estimation of the ballistic coefficient. The method is tested using the GRACE satellites, and a number of debris objects with external ballistic coefficient values, and agreements of about 10% are achieved.