机载电子设备在海洋环境中的腐蚀分析

为了分析清楚机载电子设备部件在海洋气候环境中发生腐蚀现象的原因。对发生腐蚀的壳体、螺钉和连接器进行取样,对样品的正面及切片的横截面利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和红外线光谱分析仪等技术手段进行分析。通过分析表明电子设备不仅遭受盐雾环境腐蚀,而且还有浸渍海水的现象。针对机载电子设备腐蚀分析的结果,结合工程设计经验,从机载电子设备结构设计、防护工艺两方面提出了具体的改进方法来避免或减少腐蚀现象的发生。     

高超声速钝锥模型及其尾迹红外辐射实验研究

介绍了利用InSb红外辐射计在弹道靶上测量底部直径为10mm、半锥角和头部半径分别为9°、2.2mm(模型A),8°、0.6mm(模型B)的两种非烧蚀钝锥模型及其尾迹的红外辐射.模型速度大于6km/s,飞行环境压力约4.8kPa,红外辐射测量波段为1~3μm、3~5μm.结果表明:非烧蚀钝锥模型头身部红外辐射远大于尾迹红外辐射,在相同飞行速度和环境压力条件下,模型A产生的红外辐射比模型B产生的红外辐射强.     

导弹蒙皮红外辐射特性的数值计算与分析

采用逆向蒙特卡罗(RMC)计算方法,在给定的飞行状态下分别计算出亚声速与超声速导弹蒙皮辐射源在不同方位角的2～μm、8～14 μm波段红外光谱辐射强度及强度场分布.结果表明:对亚声速导弹,相对于8～14 μm,其2～μm的辐射可忽略不计;对超声速导弹,相对于2～μm,其8～14 μm的辐射只有0%左右,但其绝对值较大而不可忽略不计.导弹的红外辐射在0°～90°探测位置内增加,在90°～180°内减小.大气对低空亚声速导弹辐射衰减作用强,对高空超声速导弹辐射衰减作用弱.超声速导弹的最大辐射强度是亚声速的18倍.      

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

空间绳系编队的动力学及稳定展开控制研究

以三角构型的空间绳系编队系统为对象开展了动力学特性分析和稳定展开控制研究。首先，针对以往编队动力学建模的精度问题，采用Lagrange法建立了系统动力学模型，建模时充分考虑了系绳的弹性，可在不增加计算量的同时保留系统的弹性特性。其次，根据所建立的动力学模型，定量分析了编队自旋稳定时自转角速度的范围，为之后的稳定展开控制提供理论依据。由于受制于执行机构精度和控制输入的限制，空间绳系编队系统是一个典型的欠驱动系统，采用分层滑模实现编队的稳定展开控制，仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

Load balancing strategy and its lookup-table enhancement in deterministic space delay/disruption tolerant networks

Space networks, in which connectivity is deterministic and intermittent, can be modeled by delay/disruption tolerant networks. In space delay/disruption tolerant networks, a packet is usually transmitted from the source node to the destination node indirectly via a series of relay nodes. If anyone of the nodes in the path becomes congested, the packet will be dropped due to buffer overflow. One of the main reasons behind congestion is the unbalanced network traffic distribution. We propose a load balancing strategy which takes the congestion status of both the local node and relay nodes into account. The congestion status, together with the end-to-end delay, is used in the routing selection. A lookup-table enhancement is also proposed. The off-line computation and the on-line adjustment are combined together to make a more precise estimate of the end-to-end delay while at the same time reducing the onboard computation. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy helps to distribute network traffic more evenly and therefore reduces the packet drop ratio. In addition, the average delay is also decreased in most cases. The lookup-table enhancement provides a compromise between the need for better communication performance and the desire for less onboard computation.     

New educational tools to encourage high-school students' activity in stem

Many students have to choose their future profession during their last years in the high school and therefore to choose a university where they will get proper education. That choice may define their professional life for many years ahead or probably for the rest of their lives.Bauman Moscow State Technical University conducts various events to introduce future professions to high-school students. Such activity helps them to pick specialization in line with their interests and motivates them to study key scientific subjects.The paper focuses on newly developed educational tools to encourage high school students’ interest in STEM disciplines. These tools include laboratory courses developed in the fields of physics, information technologies and mathematics. More than 2000 high school students already participated in these experimental courses. These activities are aimed at increasing the quality of STEM disciplines learning which will result in higher quality of training of future engineers.     

Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of the folding fin with freeplay under thermal environment

The nonlinear aeroelastic behavior of a folding fin in supersonic flow is investigated in this paper. The finite element model of the fin is established and the deployable hinges are represented by three torsion springs with the freeplay nonlinearity. The aerodynamic grid point is assumed to be at the center of each aerodynamic box for simplicity. The aerodynamic governing equation is given by using the infinite plate spline method and the modified linear piston theory. An improved fixed-interface modal synthesis method, which can reduce the rigid connections at the interface, is developed to save the problem size and computation time. The uniform temperature field is applied to create the thermal environment. For the linear flutter analyses, the flutter speed increases first and then decreases with the rise of the hinge stiffness due to the change of the flutter coupling mechanism. For the nonlinear analyses, a larger freeplay angle results in a higher vibration divergent speed. Two different types of limit cycle oscillations and a multiperiodic motion are observed in the wide range of airspeed under the linear flutter boundary. The linear flutter speed shows a slight descend in the thermal environment, but the effect of the temperature on the vibration divergent speed is different under different hinge stiffnesses when there exists freeplay.     

配置点谱方法求解非均匀介质内辐射传热问题

发动机内的燃气等高温介质随着组分和浓度的变化，会引起折射率在空间上的非均匀分布，从而导致辐射能束沿着曲线传播，其相应的辐射传热过程也更为复杂。为了避免射线追踪方法的复杂计算、提高计算效率，本文提出了配置点谱方法求解二维非均匀介质内辐射传热问题。在求解过程中，角向采用离散坐标法处理，空间采用配置点谱方法处理。通过将三种非均匀介质内辐射传热问题的配置点谱方法结果与文献结果进行对比分析，发现配置点谱方法可以在较少的节点数下，获得准确、有效地计算结果。并且，采用配置点谱方法求解三种算例的计算时间均消耗较少，均在20分钟以内。这将为进一步开展发动机复杂结构内高温燃气辐射快速仿真提供基础。     

Classification of solar wind structures and intense geomagnetic storm alarms with self-organizing maps

Intense geomagnetic storms (D_st < −100 nT) usually occur when a large interplanetary duskward-electric field (with Ey > 5 mV m⁻¹) lasts for more than 3 h. In this article, a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network is used to recognize different patterns in the temporal variation of hourly averaged Ey data and to predict intense storms. The input parameters of SOM are the hourly averaged Ey data over 3 h. The output layer of the SOM has a total of 400 neurons. The hourly Ey data are calculated from solar wind data, which are provided by NSSDC OMNIWeb and ACE spacecraft and contain information on 143 intense storms and a fair number of moderate storms, weak storms and quiet periods between September 3, 1966 and June 30, 2002. Our results show that SOM is able to classify solar wind structures and therefore to give timely intense storm alarms. In our SOM, 21 neurons out of 400 are identified to be closely associated with the intense storms and they successfully predict 134 intense storms out of the 143 ones selected. In particular, there are 14 neurons for which, if one or more of them are present, the occurrence probability of intense storms is about 90%. In addition, several of these 14 neurons can predict big magnetic storm (D_st  −180 nT). In summary, our method achieves high accuracy in predicting intense geomagnetic storms and could be applied in space environment prediction.