一种梁板复合结构的设计

对某卫星主结构中应用的一种新型的复合材料结构形式——梁板复合结构进行了设计、分析与试验。首先通过整星分析,设计了梁板复合结构,并为其设计了试验件进行研制试验。同时,利用有限元软件PATRAN和NASTRAN建立了三种模型:二维板壳模型、三维板壳模型和三维实体模型,通过比较试验结果与分析结果,修正了分析模型,并找出了合理的分析方法。试验结果表明,设计的梁板复合结构满足了既定的强度要求。     

NbV 替代 NiMo 生产球铁钆辊

本文采用正交试验方法寻找Ｎｂ、Ｖ合金元素与变质剂的最佳组合以获得性能良好的球铁轧辊材料，比较ＮｂＶ球铁与ＮｉＭｏ球铁的铸造性能、常规力学性能及断裂韧性，结果表明，ＮｂＶ球铁不亚于ＮｉＭｏ球铁，可替代ＮｉＭｏ球铁生产轧辊。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

Induction of genomic instability after an acute whole-body exposure of mice to Fe ions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dose–response relationships for the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) as a measure of both initial radiation damage and the induction of genomic instability. These measurements were made in mouse blood erythrocytes as a function of radiation dose, radiation quality, time after irradiation, and the genetic background of exposed individuals. Blood samples were collected from two strains of mouse (CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J) at different times up to 3 months following a whole-body exposure to various doses of 1 GeV/amu ⁵⁶Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, at the dose rate of a 1 Gy/min) or ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min). Blood-smear slides were stained with acridine orange (AO). The frequencies of MN were measured in mature normochromatic-erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) and in immature polychromatic-erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). Effects of both types of radiation on erythropoiesis were also evaluated. As a measure of cell progression delay, a dose-dependent decrease in numbers of PCEs was observed at day 2 post-exposure in both strains, regardless of radiation quality. Subsequently, the levels of PCEs increased in all exposed mice, reaching control levels (or higher) by day 7 post-exposure. Further, at day 2 after the exposure, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-PCEs in CBA/CaJ mice exposed to ⁵⁶Fe ions while the frequency of MN-PCEs elevated as a function of dose in the C57BL/6J mice. At day 4, there was no dose related increase in MN-NCEs in either strain of mouse exposed to ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays. Additionally, at the early sacrifice times (days 2 and 4), ⁵⁶Fe ions were slightly more effective (per unit dose) in inducing MN-NCEs than ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays in CBA/CaJ mice. However, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-NCEs at late times after an acute exposure to either type of radiation. In contrast, both types of radiation induced increased MN-PCEs frequencies in irradiated CBA/CaJ mice, but not C57BL/6J mice, at late times post-exposure. This finding indicates the potential induction of genomic instability in hematopoietic cells of CBA/CaJ mice by both types of radiation. The finding also demonstrates the influence of genetic background on radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo.     

旋转数对凸表面气膜冷却影响的实验分析

采用圆弧模型,测量了旋转状态下凸表面气膜冷却效率 η _ad和换热系数 h _f的分布规律,重点研究旋转数 Rt=ωD/u_∞ 对气膜冷却的影响.叶片表面温度采用先进的液晶测温技术进行测量.结果表明:①在旋转离心力和哥氏力的共同作用下,气膜轨迹向高半径方向发生了明显的偏移,并且转速越高偏移角度越大;②旋转使得气膜冷却效率降低,换热系数上升;③在旋转状态下,气膜发生了分离再附壁的现象.     

基于逐步回归的模型误差估计及在天基测控系统中的应用研究

以双星定位系统的天基测控技术为应用背景,提出了一种能够自适应估计模 型误差的轨道确定方法。详细推导了观测模型中的系统误差形态,建立了能表征实际特征的 部分线性轨道改进模型,并利用二阶段法和核函数估计法对混合误差进行补偿,在此基础上 对补偿模型进行逐步回归分析,从中提取动力学模型误差,从而抑制了动力学模型误差的影 响,提高了轨道改进的精度。在本文的仿真环境下,部分线性轨道改进法能够有效抑制混合 误差对定轨精度的影响,提高天基测控的轨道确定精度。     

非同轴式喉栓变推力发动机压强响应分析

设计了非同轴式喉栓固体变推力发动机实验系统,进行了变推力原理性实验.通过对发动机自由容积、喉栓运动、气缸能否一次完全将喉栓送到位、等效喉部结构、推进剂配方对变推力过程中压强响应影响的实验及分析,基本确定了压强响应慢是由于推进剂的动态响应慢造成的.利用成熟配方的低压强指数推进剂进行了压强双峰响应实验研究.研究结果表明,压强峰的下降响应要高于上升响应.研究结果为非同轴喉栓变推力发动机响应特性分析提供了依据.     

32颗GPS卫星星座空间覆盖特性建模与仿真

GPS卫星要准确完成定位功能可见卫星数应不少于4颗.通过建立针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道目标卫星的GPS信号空间几何覆盖模型,利用Matlab计算针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道的可见卫星数,对目前美国32颗GPS卫星星座的空间覆盖特性进行仿真.仿真结果显示,32颗GPS卫星星座不仅可以对低轨目标实现全轨道覆盖,而且对中高轨和大椭圆轨道也有所覆盖,大大扩展了24颗GPS卫星星座的空间应用.     

马赫数4二维直管内拟似冲击波实验和数值研究

通过计算流体力学数值仿真和高速彩色纹影照片显示技术对马赫数4拟似冲击波进行研究。实验是在日本室兰工业大学的压力—真空型超声速风洞中进行的。数值计算是采用三阶精度的QUICK格式和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型进行的。用实验验证CFD模型,计算结果与实验显示出较好的一致性。可以得出结论,从目前的CFD模型获得的计算结果是精确的。因而,实验很难获得的拟似冲击波流场内部一些流动量可以通过数值仿真结果进行分析。另外,推测了马赫数4拟似冲击波非对称的原因。