天基照相跟踪空间碎片批处理轨道确定研究

随着国内外天基观测空间碎片研究的展开,文章提出了利用跟踪卫星的CCD(Charge
Coupled Device)相机对空间碎片进行轨道探测的方法,首先建立了CCD照相观测模型和基于 照相观测 的空间碎片批处理轨道确定模型。通过对CCD相机底片归算方法的分析可知,利用
CCD相机所获得的观测数据与跟踪卫星的姿态无关,且其精度只与测量和坐标转换计算的精 度有关,在测量和计算中可获得较高的精度。分别对分布密度较高的低轨道和地球同步 轨道区域的空间碎片进行了定轨分析。仿真结果表明,定轨时采用两个跟踪弧段的照相数据 定轨精度大大高于一个弧段照相数据的定轨精度;跟踪卫星距离空间碎片越近,定轨精度越 高;低轨道空间碎片的定轨精度高于地球同步轨道上的空间碎片定轨精度。
     

环境与灾害监测光学有效载荷发展综述

环境与灾害监测目标具有多样性、定量化要求高等特点,非常适合光学载荷发挥其信息量丰富、种类多、精度高等方面的优势。在国际上,此类光学载荷发展迅速,新技术不断涌现,值得学习借鉴。文章重点阐述了应用于环境与灾害监测民用卫星的光学有效载荷的发展现状和发展趋势,为中国第二代"环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座"的相关光学有效载荷发展提供参考。     

浅谈空间光学遥感器稳像技术

文章首先分析了影响像稳定的因素,然后对几种常见的稳像技术的工作原理及其优缺点进行了介绍,在论述当前稳像技术发展现状及未来发展趋势的基础上,讨论开展综合稳像技术研究的必要性。     

GEO编队空间机器人系统交会方法

针对地球静止轨道（GEO）上被服务航天器的远距离和非合作特点,提出一种高自主、高协同、多任务的编队空间机器人在轨服务系统方案,实现对非合作目标的自主交会接近。首先,分析GEO卫星轨道约束力小的轨道特征和非合作的信息交互特征,给出由操作空间机器人和监视空间机器人组成的编队在轨服务系统,设计交会接近相对测量分系统以及在轨服务飞行任务;接着,给出典型远距离交会接近的多视线相对导航方法与多冲量相对制导律;最后,进行远距离交会任务仿真校验,结果表明编队空间机器人交会接近方法是有效的。     

失效航天器的姿态机动接管控制

为实现失效航天器寿命延长的目的,采用接管控制技术接管失效航天器姿态控制系统。针对姿态机动接管控制中,失效卫星参数不确定和推力器构型矩阵突变的问题,提出一种基于控制系统重构的失效航天器姿态机动接管控制方法。首先采用指令滤波backstepping控制来重构姿态机动接管控制律,并利用Lyapunov方法分析系统稳定性;然后对推力器构型矩阵进行重构;最后考虑燃料消耗和控制输入受限问题,通过基于约束最优二次规划的动态控制分配算法对推力器推力进行控制重分配。采用本文方法实现了对燃料耗尽航天器和部分执行机构失效航天器的姿态机动接管控制。数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性。     

飞机机翼积冰研究方法和进展分析

通过对目前国内外研究飞机机翼积冰三种方法的分析,指出了它们各自优缺点,重点介绍了现行国内外研究的进展和新趋势,提出了研究方法的改进方案和进一步研究的建议。     

超燃冲压发动机可调尾喷管多目标优化设计

针对超燃冲压发动机宽马赫数、攻角范围内高性能工作要求,建立了基于试验设计方法和代理模型的可调尾喷管多目标优化设计方法,获得了尾喷管结构随马赫数和攻角变化的调节规律.以推力系数、升力系数和力矩系数为优化目标,以三次型线尾喷管为对象,采用遗传算法优化设计,得到Pareto最优解集;以一组Pareto最优解为基准在不同马赫数和攻角下进行尾喷管变结构设计优化,拟合得到尾喷管结构随马赫数和攻角的变化曲线.仿真结果显示了理论分析的正确性,并发现:变结构设计实现了尾喷管大范围高性能工作;尾喷管性能和几何参数,飞行状态参数均高度非线性,任一个改变都会影响其性能;采用试验设计方法和代理模型,能大大缩小优化设计时间,简化设计过程.     

Laser measurements to space debris from Graz SLR station

In order to test laser ranging possibilities to space debris objects, the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Station Graz installed a frequency doubled Nd:YAG pulse laser with a 1 kHz repetition rate, a pulse width of 10 ns, and a pulse energy of 25 mJ at 532 nm (on loan from German Aerospace Center Stuttgart – DLR). We developed and built low-noise single-photon detection units to enable laser ranging to targets with inaccurate orbit predictions, and adapted our standard SLR software to include a few hundred space debris targets. With this configuration, we successfully tracked – within 13 early-evening sessions of each about 1.5 h – 85 passes of 43 different space debris targets, in distances between 600 km and up to more than 2500 km, with radar cross sections from >15 m² down to <0.3 m², and measured their distances with an average precision of about 0.7 m RMS.     

MIDACO on MINLP space applications

A numerical study on two challenging mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) space applications and their optimization with MIDACO, a recently developed general purpose optimization software, is presented. These applications are the optimal control of the ascent of a multiple-stage space launch vehicle and the space mission trajectory design from Earth to Jupiter using multiple gravity assists. Additionally, an NLP aerospace application, the optimal control of an F8 aircraft manoeuvre, is discussed and solved. In order to enhance the optimization performance of MIDACO a hybridization technique, coupling MIDACO with an SQP algorithm, is presented for two of these three applications. The numerical results show, that the applications can be solved to their best known solution (or even new best solution) in a reasonable time by the considered approach. Since using the concept of MINLP is still a novelty in the field of (aero)space engineering, the demonstrated capabilities are seen as very promising.     

The effect of the space flight environment on mucin production in the mouse uterine tube

Numerous studies have indicated that the microgravity environment of space has harmful effects on several tissues throughout the body. Although this phenomenon is well documented, research in this area is still in its relative infancy. This study investigates the effects of space flight on mucin production of the uterine tubes of mice. This study examined the epithelium of the uterine tubes from female mice that were flown on the space shuttle Endeavour for 13 days in August, 2007 and their concomitant controls. The tissue was qualitatively analyzed for the type of mucin produced, i.e., acidic, neutral, acidic/neutral mixture. Further, the tissue was quantitatively analyzed for the amounts of mucins produced by measuring the thickness of the mucin layer for each region of the uterine tube: isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. One way ANOVA tests were used to compare mucin thickness between all three sets of animals. Results indicate similar but not identical results between the three regions of the uterine tube. The Baseline tissue had the thickest mucin layer regardless of treatment group. In the ampulla the mucin layer was the thinnest in the Flight tissue, followed by the Ground Control, with the Baseline being the thickest. Analysis of the mucin layer of the infundibulum of the three treatment groups indicated no difference in its thickness between the three regions of the uterine tube. These results indicate a trend toward thinning of the mucin layer of the uterine tube in space flight, but also indicate an influence by the housing environment.