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51.
太阳质子事件通量的预测对航天器抗辐射加固设计和航天员出舱活动具有非常重要的意义.针对一年以下的航天任务,利用经验统计方法,确认太阳活跃年和太阳平静年期间,1——365天不同时间段内 > 10MeV,> 30MeV和 > 60MeV的太阳质子事件积分通量符合对数正态分布,且通量对数的标准偏差σ和期望值μ随任务期时间的变化满足对数函数形式.以此为基础,构建太阳质子通量的中短期预报模型.该模型能够针对太阳活跃年和太阳平静年,给出一定置信度下1——365天不同时间内 > 10MeV,> 30MeV和 > 60MeV的质子事件通量分布,从而为执行中短期航天任务提供太阳质子事件通量的预测,以规避不必要的风险. 相似文献
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53.
本文对未来天地往返运输系统宜采用的动力装置方案提出一些看法,着重阐明液氧/烃类/液氢三组元推进剂发动机的优点。 相似文献
54.
当空间飞行器受到碎片的碰撞时,其壳体中会产生冲击加热。文章概述了计算冲击温度的三种基本方法;计算了铁的冲击加热温度,并与实验测量值作了比较。结果表明,利用三项式物态方程计算的冲击温度与测量值符合得比较好。另外,还对影响冲击温度计算值的若干因素进行了分析 相似文献
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56.
针对空间宽幅相机在进行非均匀性校正过程中相机镜头与积分球输出口的相对位置发生变换后非均匀性校正精度下降的原因进行了分析,提出了一种改进的融合多点位置的非均匀校正新方法,即为了消除积分球的角均匀性和面均匀性的不足,采用获取多个位置的大量定标图像,融合求取平均值的方法得到校正系数来削弱这种影响,并进行试验验证分析。结果表明,多点融合的校正方法在积分球输出口光强不均匀、又无法固定相机与积分球相对位置的前提下,减少了积分球光强的不均匀性对系数可靠性的影响,相对辐射定标的非均匀校正精度得到大幅提高。 相似文献
57.
王希季 《中国空间科学技术》1991,11(2):35-38
空间站与其它航天器相比,有很多优越性。文内详细地阐述了空间站的四大特征:①先入轨后上人,既提高了安全保障,又简化了研制过程;②具有自主补给消耗品、检修和更换设备的能力;③具有长期航天的素质;④具有可变更和可扩大其功能的性质。这些特征及其优越性,充分体现了空间站在未来载人航天活动中的地位和作用。 相似文献
58.
T. Flohrer H. Krag H. Klinkrad T. Schildknecht 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Under ESA contract an industrial consortium including Aboa Space Research Oy (ASRO), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), and the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), proposed the observation concept, developed a suitable sensor architecture, and assessed the performance of a space-based optical (SBO) telescope in 2005. The goal of the SBO study was to analyse how the existing knowledge gap in the space debris population in the millimetre and centimetre regime may be closed by means of a passive optical instrument. The SBO instrument was requested to provide statistical information on the space debris population in terms of number of objects and size distribution. The SBO instrument was considered to be a cost-efficient with 20 cm aperture and 6° field-of-view and having flexible integration requirements. It should be possible to integrate the SBO instrument easily as a secondary payload on satellites launched into low-Earth orbits (LEO), or into geostationary orbit (GEO). Thus the selected mission concept only allowed for fix-mounted telescopes, and the pointing direction could be requested freely. Since 2007 ESA focuses space surveillance and tracking activities in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) preparatory program. Ground-based radars and optical telescopes are studied for the build-up and maintenance of a catalogue of objects. In this paper we analyse how the proposed SBO architecture could contribute to the space surveillance tasks survey and tracking. We assume that the SBO instrumentation is placed into a circular sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km altitude. We discuss the observation conditions of objects at higher altitude, and select an orbit close to the terminator plane. A pointing of the sensor orthogonal to the orbital plane with optimal elevation slightly in positive direction (0° and +5°) is found optimal for accessing the entire GEO regime within one day, implying a very good coverage of controlled objects in GEO, too. Simulations using ESA’s Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) in the version 2005 and a GEO reference population extracted from DISCOS revealed that the proposed pointing scenario provides low phase angles together with low angular velocities of the objects crossing the field-of-view. Radiometric simulations show that the optimal exposure time is 1–2 s, and that spherical objects in GEO with a diameter of below 1 m can be detected. The GEO population can be covered under proper illumination nearly completely, but seasonal drops of the coverage are possible. Subsequent observations of objects are on average at least every 1.5 days, not exceeding 3 days at maximum. A single observation arc spans 3° to 5° on average. Using a simulation environment that connects PROOF to AIUB’s program system CelMech we verify the consistency of the initial orbit determination for five selected test objects on subsequent days as a function of realistic astrometric noise levels. The initial orbit determination is possible. We define requirements for a correlator process essential for catalogue build-up and maintenance. Each single observation should provide an astrometric accuracy of at least 1”–1.5” so that the initially determined orbits are consistent within a few hundred kilometres for the semi-major axis, 0.01 for the eccentricity, and 0.1° for the inclination. 相似文献
59.
柱面菲涅耳太阳聚光透镜的光学设计和光学效率 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
研究了柱面线聚焦菲涅耳太阳聚光透镜的光学设计和光学效率。依据理论分析,对透镜参数进行了优化设计,成功地研制出了柱面线聚焦菲涅耳聚光透镜。还分析了透镜相对孔径(F数)和成型模具等因素对透镜光学效率的影响。 相似文献
60.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(7):1714-1722
The space debris environment is one of the major threats against payloads. Space debris orbital distribution is of great importance for space debris environment modeling. Due to perturbation factors, the Right Ascension of Ascending Node (RAAN) of space objects changes consistently, causing regular rotation of the orbit plane around Earth’s axis. Based on the investigation of the RAAN perturbation rate of concerned objects, this paper proposes a RAAN discretization method in order to present the space debris longitude-dependent distribution. Combined with two line element (TLE) data provided by the US Space Surveillance Network, the estimated value from RAAN discretization method is compared with the real case. The results suggest that using only the initial orbital data at the beginning of the time interval of interest, the RAAN discretization method is able to provide reliable longitude distribution of concerned targets in the next following period. Furthermore, spacecraft cumulative flux against space debris is calculated in this paper. The results suggest that the relevance between spacecraft RAAN setup and flux output is much smaller for LEO targets than MEO targets, which corresponds with the theory analysis. Since the nonspherical perturbation is the major factor for RAAN variation, the RAAN perturbation rate has little connection with the size of orbital objects. In other words, the RAAN discretization method introduced in this paper also applies to space debris of different size range, proposing a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment engineering models. 相似文献