Calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils using viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method

A numerical procedure for the calculation of the transonic dip of airfoils in the time domain is presented. A viscous-inviscid aerodynamic interaction method is taken to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic loads. In the present case the integral boundary layer equations are coupled with the Transonic Small Disturbance (TSD) Potential Equation. The coupling between structural motion and aerodynamic loads is carried out using State Space equation. It is solved by State Transition Matrix technique. Results are presented for NACA 64A010 and NLR 7301 airfoils with structural data from Isogai and DLR, respectively. Comparisons show good agreement with other numerical results. Certain deviations of experimental data taken from literature need more insight in the detailed test conditions.     

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with primary goat embryonic fibroblast showed no difference from traditional feederlayer-based culture method used in mouse and human. The putative primary EG colonies were multilayer clumps ofcompact cel     

略论海峡两岸科技术语的对照和统一

为减少和消除海峡两岸科技文化交流上的词汇障碍，各学科广泛开展着科技术语的调查研究、交流和讨论。当前做法为两步走，首先是分析两岸用词上相同和差异的词目，共同编订对照本，共建对照和约定；然后逐步地通过对存在差异的个例进行选优汰劣和具体的商榷，过渡到更多的协调和一致。     

Late Stages of Stellar Evolution

A large fraction of ISO observing time was used to study the late stages of stellar evolution. Many molecular and solid state features, including crystalline silicates and the rotational lines of water vapour, were detected for the first time in the spectra of (post-)Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. Their analysis has greatly improved our knowledge of stellar atmospheres and circumstellar environments. A surprising number of objects, particularly young planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR) central stars, were found to exhibit emission features in their ISO spectra that are characteristic of both oxygen-rich and carbon-rich dust species, while far-IR observations of the PDR around NGC 7027 led to the first detections of the rotational line spectra of CH and CH⁺. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SPACE PLASMAS

The Cluster mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) will allow, for the first time three-dimensional measurements in key regions of the Earth's magnetosphere to be carried out. The European Numerical Simulation Network (ENSN) aims at providing a theoretical support to the mission. We describe the achievements of the ENSN during its first period of activity 1991–1994, during which the network was funded by the European Union. In particular, the ENSN has set up (i) thematic Working Groups on the prime scientific goals of the mission, (ii) a code development Working Group to develop numerical simulation codes specifically adapted to studying magnetospheric boundaries and the corresponding scale mixing, and (iii) software models of Cluster instruments to test in a numerical simulation what the set of four instruments will measure.     

卫星推进及控制装置准直测量方法研究

在传统的卫星推进及控制装置准直测量方法的基础上,提出两种新的测量方法,即小角度准直测量法和三维坐标准直测量法,并给出了相应的数据处理方法。所提出的方法测量精度高、测量速度快,无需转台整平,也不必对转台上的定位销进行精确准直。     

质量矩导弹的神经网络及自适应非线性控制

本文对质量矩控制导弹的动力学方程简化和控制系统的设计进行了研究。详细阐述了所提出的控制方法，介绍了径向基单隐层神经网络进行误差补偿的算法原理，用Lyapunov理论证明了所采用方法的稳定性。在给出了质量矩导弹的六自由度动力学方程和简化后的方程后，用所提出的方法设计控制系统。通过仿真分析，得出了本文所提出的方法具有较好的误差补偿能力的结论。     

Astrophysics in 2006

The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries.     

What Determines the Composition of SEPs in Gradual Events?

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are evidently accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. This talk addresses the different factors which determine the composition of the accelerated ions. The first factor is the set of available seed populations including the solar wind core and suprathermal tail, remnant impulsive events from preceding solar flares, and remnant gradual events. The second factor is the fractionation of the seed ions by the injection process, that is, what fraction of the ions are extracted by the shock to participate in diffusive shock acceleration. Injection is a controversial topic since it depends on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock transition and the transport of ions in these structured fields, both of which are not well understood or determined theoretically. The third factor is fractionation during the acceleration process, due to the dependence of ion transport in the turbulent electromagnetic fields adjacent to the shock on the mass/charge ratio. Of crucial importance in the last two factors is the magnetic obliquity of the shock. The form of the proton-excited hydromagnetic wave spectrum is also important. Finally, more subtle effects on ion composition arise from the superposition of ion contributions over the time history of the shock along the observer’s magnetic flux tube, and the sequence of flux tubes sampled by the observer.     

空间能量粒子探测方法研究

阐述了空间能量粒子探测的原理和方法。介绍了国外在能量粒子探测方面所采用的半导体望远镜测量法、电场加速法、磁偏转法等方法，分析了它们各自的优缺点。就制约能量粒子探测技术发展的关键因素进行了讨论。并以此为基础，结合我国实际情况提出了一种新的探测方法。