美国对华技术出口管制政策与中美贸易不均衡问题研究

技术出口管制是美国长期以来奉行的一项基本政策，目的在于维护其霸主地位和技术优势。美国对华技术出口管制造成了中美贸易的不平衡，并对双方贸易产生了不良影响。为此，我国应从积极协商、扩大进口、完善制度、发展引进市场多元化等多个方面作出努力，提高美国对华技术出口的积极性，促进美国逐渐放宽乃至取消现行的对华出口管制政策，支持美国企业增强在华市场上的竞争能力，这是深化中美经贸合作、尽快改善中关贸易不平衡状况的关键所在。     

Analysis of the variability of temperature gradient in the ocean frontal zones based on satellite data

AVHRR MCSST data for the periods 1982–2000 (mean weekly data) were used to calculate mean gradient fields in the ocean for different periods of time. Three-month averaged sea surface temperature gradients (SSTG) and their mean seasonal variations have been studied for 25 points in the large-scale oceanic fronts zones. Major oceanic fronts in the Atlantic and Pacific have been identified and compared in literature. In the North Atlantic and Pacific, the areas under study were the North Polar Front and Subpolar Fronts. In the South Atlantic and Pacific we studied the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the fronts formed by this current, known as the South Polar Front, and the Subantarctic Front. SSTG were also calculated for El Niño (Southeast Pacific) and Benguela Current (Southeast Atlantic).     

Space activities in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

This paper summarizes the establishment and current development of space activities in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Space activities in Venezuela are focused on the areas of telecommunications, Earth observation and research on the physical properties of the Earth, and have as a primary goal the satisfaction of social needs. Current development of space activities started in 1999 when the new National Constitution recognized the value of outer space as the common heritage of mankind, and the key role of science and technology in promoting human welfare. The Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities (ABAE) was created in 2007. Its legal framework recognizes three key elements that drive its policy: the participation of society, capacity building and human training, and international cooperation. Indeed ongoing international cooperation with partners such as China, India, Brazil and Uruguay has already expanded Venezuelan space capabilities, allowing the country to launch its first telecommunications satellite, Venesat-1 in 2008, to plan the infrastructure development for the design of small satellites, and to train 1195 local professionals in space science, technology and applications. Our analysis shows that Venezuela has the potential to become a space leadership country, promoting the social welfare, integration, and sustainable development of Latin American countries.     

Correlation between the cosmic noise absorption calculated from the SARINET data and the energetic particles measured by MEPED: Simultaneous observations over SAMA region

The cosmic noise absorption is presented in terms of two-dimensional images obtained from the imaging riometers operated at the Southern Space Observatory (geographic coordinate: 29.4° S, 53.1° W), in São Martinho da Serra, Brazil, Concepcion (geographic coordinate: 36.5° S, 73.0° W) and Punta Arenas (geographic coordinate: 53.0° S, 70.5° W) in Chile, which belong to the South American Riometer Network and are located at the central and periphery regions of the South American Magnetic Anomaly. Correlations are performed between the maximum cosmic noise absorption observed at these stations and the energetic electron flux in two energy channels (>30 and >300 keV) and the proton flux in three energy channels (80–240, 800–2500 and >6900 keV) as measured by the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector, during a moderate geomagnetic storm that occurred on September 3, 2008. The results show high correlations between the cosmic noise absorption detected at São Martinho da Serra and the flux of protons with energy between 80 and 240 keV, and the flux of electrons with energies higher than 300 keV, while an additional ionization at Concepcion was correlated with electrons of energies higher than 30 keV. The cosmic noise absorption detected at Punta Arenas was probably caused by the increase of the protons flux with energy between 80 and 240 keV.     

金融危机后的韩国金融监管改革:成效与经验

金融危机爆发后,韩国随即大幅度地进行了金融监管体制调整和机构改革,形成了集中统一监管的新模式.韩国金融监管体制改革取得了很大的成效,受到了广泛赞誉,为危机中的金融市场积累了不少改革和监管的经验.     

美国会计准则制定模式的形成逻辑

资本市场的竞争促使各公司对外披露会计信息。为规范会计信息披露 ,保证会计信息质量 ,产生了对会计准则的需求。会计准则的制定方法主要有归纳法和演绎法。从技术角度看 ,由于美国FASB缺乏必要的强制力 ,无法形成完善及权威的概念框架体系 ,因此准则制定中主要采用归纳法 ,这是美国形成以具体规则为基础的准则制定模式的内在逻辑。     

论企业文化视域中的韩国企业管理模式

一个国家企业的管理模式成功与否,一个至关重要的方面是是否与本国的企业文化相适应,因此,有必要从企业文化视域考察企业管理模式。韩国经济成功的一个重要因素可以归结为韩国独特的企业文化,以及由此形成的韩国独特的企业管理模式。对这一问题的探讨,可以为我国企业管理模式的选择提供政策性的启示。     

美国拉美公共外交对中国拉美公共外交的启示

拉丁美洲与美国同为西半球的国家,其比邻美国的地理位置是毋庸置疑的。美国在崛起成为世界大国的里程中拉美因素是不可忽视的,但美国崛起历程中并不是以平等的身份和尊重的态度对待拉美,恰恰相反,美国依靠意识形态所主导的外交政策和短视的战略视线以及美国高人一等的态度深刻的损害了美拉之间的关系,也失去了拉美的信任。中国作为亚洲的发展中国家,拉美作为西半球唯一的发展中地区,有着相似的应对外来殖民侵略的经历,中国对拉美进行公共外交也有良好的民间基础,因此中国对拉美推行公共外交刻不容缓,势在必行。     

华南地区电离层闪烁的时空分布特征研究

利用位于赤道异常区的广州(23.17°N, 113.34°E)和茂名(21.45°N, 111.31°E)两台站2011年7月至2012年6月观测到的GPS电离层闪烁数据, 分析比较了这两地电离层闪烁出现的逐月变化及地方时变化和空间分布特征. 结果表明, 中等强度闪烁(S₄ > 0.4)和强闪烁(S₄ > 0.6)的出现均呈现明显季节分布规律, 两站的闪烁活动均表现出春秋强, 冬夏弱的特点, 在时间上主要发生在20:00LT-24:00LT; 从空间分布来看, 两站的闪烁活动在2011年秋季, 闪烁出现的区域比较分散, 而在2012年春季, 主要在两站上空区域出现的闪烁最为频繁.      

Impact of Jason-2/T2L2 Ultra-Stable-Oscillator Frequency Model on DORIS stations coordinates and Earth Orientation Parameters

Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a tracking technique based on a one-way ground to space Doppler link. For Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, DORIS shows a robust capability in terms of data coverage and availability, due to a wide and well-distributed ground network, where data are made available by the International Doris Service (IDS). However, systematic errors remain in the DORIS data, such as instabilities of the on-board clock due to radiation encountered in space, which limit the accurate determination of station positions.The DORIS on-board clock frequency stability is degraded by the increased radiation found in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and has been shown to degrade station position estimation. This paper introduces a new model correction to the DORIS data for the frequency of the Jason-2 Ultra Stable Oscillator (USO), derived from the Time Transfer by Laser Link (T2L2) experiment (Belli and Exertier, 2018). We show that a multi-satellite DORIS solution including this T2L2-corrected data applied to the frequency modelling for The DORIS data, improves the estimation of station coordinates. We show the tie residuals with respect to collocated GPS stations are improved by several millimeters. We also demonstrate that the 117-day (Jason-2) draconitic signal in the geophysical parameters is reduced, implying that the origin of this signal is not just solar radiation pressure mis-modeling, but also radiation-induced clock perturbations on the Jason-2 DORIS Ultra-Stable-Oscillator (USO). Finally we demonstrate through comparisons with the International Earth Rotations and Reference Systems Service (IERS) C04 series for Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), that the estimation of EOP is improved in both a Jason-2 DORIS-only and a multi-satellite DORIS solution for EOP.