小发动机燃气流火焰温度测量

小发动机是在高温条件(≈1800℃)下进行头部防热材料模拟试验的设备,是为解决导弹弹头再入大气层时的防热问题而研制的。本文叙述了用光学法测量小发动机燃气流火焰温度、燃气流中模型前端的激波温度及不同材料的模型表面温度。实验表明:不同材料的模型,其表面温度不同。文中对测温误差进行了初步分析。     

倒置喷管湍流流场计算

本文对倒置喷管的湍流跨音速流场进行了数字模拟，其算法基于ＹａｎＬｅｅｒ的矢通量分裂格式，求解时采用了线性Ｇａｕｓｓ—Ｓｅｉｄｅｌ迭代法，并结合局部时间步长技术对收敛过程进行加速，对雷诺数为１．６６×１０６的倒置喷管的流场进行了数值计算，结果与实验相符合。     

发动机喷管对火箭气动静稳定及控制特性影响研究

发动机喷管外露于火箭尾部是常见情形,但在火箭气动设计过程中却经常不予考虑。利用数值计算方法,研究喷管外露部分对火箭气动静稳定及控制特性的影响。计算结果表明:在超声速Ma=2~12、攻角30°范围内,外露喷管对火箭气动静稳定性有1%~2%的增加,且气动控制效率明显,喷管±3°摆角产生的气动控制力矩约为头部空气舵±20°摆角的1~2倍。因此,对于确实存在喷管外露的火箭,在气动特性设计过程中需充分考虑喷管对静稳定性的影响,甚至可以考虑将喷管作为气动控制面,用于火箭无动力滑行段的姿态控制。     

Antiparticle content in the magnetosphere

In the present work we assess the stable and transient antiparticle content of planetary magnetospheres, and subsequently we consider their capture and application to high delta-v space propulsion. We estimate the total antiparticle mass contained within the Earth’s magnetosphere to assess the expediency of such usage. Using Earth’s magnetic field region as an example, we have considered the various source mechanisms that are applicable to a planetary magnetosphere, the confinement duration versus transport processes, and the antiparticle loss mechanisms. We have estimated the content of the trapped population of antiparticles magnetically confined following production in the exosphere due to nuclear interactions between high energy cosmic rays (CR) and constituents of the residual planetary upper atmosphere.The galactic antiprotons that directly penetrate into the Earth’s magnetosphere are themselves secondary by its nature, i.e. produced in nuclear reactions of the cosmic rays passing through the interstellar matter. These antiproton fluxes are modified, dependent on energy, when penetrating into the heliosphere and subsequently into planetary magnetospheres. During its lifetime in the Galaxy, CR pass through the small grammage of the interstellar matter where they produce secondary antiprotons. In contrast to this, antiprotons generated by the same CR in magnetosphere are locally produced at a path length of several tens g/cm² of matter in the ambient planetary upper atmosphere. Due to the latter process, the resulting magnetically confined fluxes significantly exceed the fluxes of the galactic antiprotons in the Earth’s vicinity by up to two orders of magnitude at some energies.The radiation belt antiparticles can possibly be extracted with an electromagnetic-based “scoop” device. The antiparticles could be concentrated by and then stored within the superimposed magnetic field structure of such a device. In future developments, it is anticipated that the energy of the captured antiparticles (both rest energy and kinetic energy) can be adapted for use as a fuel for propelling spacecraft to high velocities for remote solar system missions.     

SRM 纤维缠绕壳体的蒙特卡罗随机有限元分析

采用蒙特卡罗随机有限元方法，结合复合材料壳体力学、纤维缠绕理论等知识，分析了固体火箭发动机纤维缠绕壳体在燃气内压随机变化作用下的应力响应，绘出应力分布曲线，为固体火箭发动机结构可靠性评估奠定基础。     

边缘检测技术在火箭发动机实验诊断中的应用

对高速运动分析仪拍摄的Ｕ型燃气发生器固体装药燃烧和双组元液体喷嘴雾化图像进行了边缘检测图像分析,根据被分析实物边缘层次性较强的特点,在简单边缘检测的基础上采用自动门限、二次门限和最佳滤波的方法,获得了固体燃气发生器在燃烧过程中的内部结构、推进剂瞬态燃速、绝热隔板烧蚀率等参数,获得了双组元液体喷嘴的雾化角、粒子分布等特性。     

固冲火箭技术的发展与展望

通过若干典型例子系统总结了目前固冲火箭技术的研究与进展情况,着重指出了该技术在达到实际应用之前尚存在的关键技术问题,并对今后的研究与发展方向提出了建议。     

基于火焰面模型的推力室起动过程仿真

采用计算流体力学的方法,对氢氧火箭发动机推力室的起动过程进行了数值仿真.起动的非定常过程由双时间步方法模拟,燃烧过程由稳态层流火焰面模型模拟,火焰面建库采用6组分8步反应的化学动力学模型.按照地面试车时序进行推力室起动过程仿真,获得了起动过程的建压曲线以及详细的流场建立过程.结果表明,经过点火瞬间压力松弛控制的稳态层流火焰面模型可用于火箭发动机的点火过程动态仿真,仿真得到的压力曲线与试车曲线相比符合良好.     

激光供能换热器概念设计及性能分析

针对换热器模式激光推进的特点,设计了一种新颖的平板式换热器结构,这种结构由多层异质材料复合外壳、耐高温金属框架和层流微通道组成,具有较高的激光-热转换效率。建立了换热器出口截面二维温度场模型并进行数值分析,其结果验证了换热器结构的热稳定性。建立了换热器内部流体一维流动模型并进行数值分析,得出了激光辐照功率密度和流体入口速度对换热器内部流体温度分布的影响关系,验证了换热器结构设计满足流体通道压降小的要求。     

喷管内缝隙流场与热环境数值模拟研究

用有限元素法数值模拟了固体火箭发动机喷管内缝隙的流场和热环境。采用非结构的高分辨率的有限元离散格式,计算了不同攻角和不同Ｍａ数的缝隙内压力分布和气动加热,分析了缝隙内流场和热环境特性,数值结果与风洞实验结果符合很好。