一种改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验预测公式

使用大涡模拟（LES）方法对典型整流罩旋成体结构进行非定常数值模拟研究,结果表明引起壁面压力脉动的流场结构随时间和空间变化,不同的流场结构之间相互干扰。同时研究发现,旋成体折角膨胀会造成流动在较短的距离内迅速加减速,同样引起壁面压力脉动。基于上述流动现象,重新划分压力脉动产生区域,通过引入空间修正项,提出一套改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验公式。算例表明,该方法能够显著提高旋成体在跨声速条件下的脉动压力分布的预测精度。     

Passepartout Sherpa – A low-cost,reusable transportation system into the stratosphere for small experiments

The Passepartout sounding balloon transportation system for low-mass (<$<$1200 g) experiments or hardware for validation to an altitude of 35 km is described. We present the general flight configuration, set-up of the flight control system, environmental and position sensors, power system, buoyancy considerations as well as the ground control infrastructure including recovery operations. In the telemetry and command module the integrated airborne computer is able to control the experiment, transmit telemetry and environmental data and allows for a duplex communication to a control centre for tele-commanding. The experiment module is mounted below the telemetry and command module and can either work as a standalone system or be controlled by the airborne computer. This spacing between experiment- and control unit allows for a high flexibility in the experiment design. After a parachute landing, the on-board satellite based recovery subsystems allow for a rapid tracking and recovery of the telemetry and command module and the experiment. We discuss flight data and lessons learned from two representative flights with research payloads.     

利用TDLAS技术评估火箭基组合循环发动机试验性能

针对宽范围工作的火箭基组合循环（RBCC）发动机推力、比冲和燃烧效率等性能难以通过关键参数的实时测量直接计算的问题,提出利用可调谐二极管激光器吸收光谱（TDLAS）技术实现发动机燃气温度、H2O组分浓度和速度多参数同时实时在线非接触式激光光谱测量方法,搭建用于RBCC地面试验性能分析的时分复用-扫描波长TDLAS系统。通过试验获得的(7444.352+7444.371)/7185.597cm -1 谱线附近吸收光谱,从而得到燃气温度、H2O组分浓度和速度参数,并结合数值模拟方法确定的流场参数纵向分布,实现基于关键参数在线测量的发动机性能直接计算。该方法有助于评判燃烧组织和结构改变对发动机性能的影响。     

固体火箭发动机冲击响应分析中改进的Wilson－θ法

在Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ法基础上引入参数γ，提出了修正的振动平衡方程和初始条件表达式。研究了新方法的稳定性和γ系数的取值范围，并以某些导弹的发动机壳体为算例和实验对象，验证了新方法的正确性和在抑制超调现象方面的有效性。     

Multi-disciplinary design optimization with fuzzy uncertainties and its application in hybrid rocket motor powered launch vehicle

In this paper, an Uncertainty-based Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) method combining with fuzzy theory and Multi-Discipline Feasible (MDF) method is developed for the conceptual design of a Hybrid Rocket Motor (HRM) powered Launch Vehicle (LV). In the method proposed, membership functions are used to represent the uncertain factors, the fuzzy statistical experiment is introduced to analyze the propagation of uncertainties, and means, standard deviations and credibility measures are used to delineate uncertain responses. A geometric programming problem is solved to verify the feasibility of the Fuzzy-based Multi-Discipline Feasible (F-MDF) method. A multi-disciplinary analysis of a three-stage HRM powered LV involving the disciplines of propulsion, structure, aerodynamics and trajectory is implemented, and the mathematical models corresponding to the F-MDF method and the MDF method are established. A two-phase optimization method is proposed for multi-disciplinary design optimization of the LV, including the orbital capacity optimization phase based on the Ziolkowski formula, and the scheme trajectory verification phase based on the 3-degree-of-freedom point trajectory simulation. The correlation coefficients and the quadratic Response Surface Method (RSM) based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are adopted for sensitive analysis of uncertain factors, and the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) is adopted as the optimization algorithm. The results show that the F-MDF method is applicable in LV conceptual design, and the design with the F-MDF method is more reliable and robust than that with the MDF method.     

无控固体火箭探空运载系统总体设计

由无控固体探空火箭和地面发射设备组成的运载系统是固体火箭探空系统的一个组成部分。文章介绍该运载系统在各研制阶段的设计内容,着重讨论总体方案选择的原则和总体参数设计的方法。     

用加速度计的积分遥测量计算弹道参数及轨道要素

文章提供利用运载火箭特征点(关机点,入轨点等)的有关加速度计的积分遥测量计算该点的弹道参数和轨道要素的计算方法。     

Aerospike nozzle contour design and its performance validation

A simplified design and optimization method of aerospike nozzle contour and the results of tests and numerical simulation of aerospike nozzles are presented. The primary nozzle contour is approximated by two circular arcs and a parabola; the plug contour is approximated by a parabola and a third-order polynomial. The maximum total impulse from sea level to design altitude is adopted as objective to optimize the aerospike nozzle contour. Experimental studies were performed on a 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle, a 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle and a 3-cell aerospike nozzle with round-to-rectangle (RTR) primary nozzles designed by method proposed in present paper. Three aerospike nozzles achieved good altitude compensation capacities in the tests and still had better performance at off-design altitudes compared with that of the bell-shaped nozzle. In cold-flow tests, 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle and 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle obtained high thrust efficiency at design altitude. Employing gas H₂/gas O₂ (GH₂/GO₂) as propellants, hot-firing tests were carried out on a 3-cell aerospike nozzle engine with RTR primary nozzles. The performance was obtained under two nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) lower than design altitude. Efficiency reached 92.0–93.5% and 95.0–96.0%, respectively. Pressure distribution along plug ramp was measured and the effects of variation in the amount of base bleed on performance were also examined in the tests.     

RBCC引射/亚燃模态过渡工作过程数值模拟

针对模态过渡过程中的瞬变特性,开展了引射/亚燃模态过渡工作过程中的RBCC进气道/燃烧室一体化数值模拟,计算比较了四种不同的模态过渡方案,分析了模态过渡工作过程中流动、燃烧模式和进气道状态的瞬变过程,研究结果表明:(1)推力产生较大波动的主要原因是燃烧室内燃烧/流动参数匹配性差和在流动方向上燃烧放热间断引起的;(2)主火箭保留的燃气在模态过渡过程中起到了火焰稳定和自持燃烧的作用,保留合理流量的燃气不仅可以缩短模态过渡时间,而且可以提高发动机的比冲;(3)提出了通过调节燃料喷注策略和主火箭节流方式实现模态平稳过渡的方案,并对该方案进行了数值验证,可望为进一步的实验研究提供了燃烧控制方法。     

冲压燃烧室V型燃料喷射结构的分离涡模拟

液态燃料的喷注方式会显著影响火箭基组合循环(RBCC)发动机燃烧室的火焰组织与燃烧效率。通过湍流流动的分离涡模拟,数值计算了RBCC燃烧室液态煤油喷雾燃烧的三维两相流动,并提出了采用V型阵列结构的喷孔空间组合形式,研究结果表明,V型喷孔排列结构,消除了侧壁液态燃料蒸发对值班火焰所带来的消极影响,并通过调整不同喷孔流量,强化了中间喷孔射流形成的值班火焰,相对于直线喷排,可拓宽火焰稳定阈值,提高燃料的蒸发效率与燃烧效率。