利用微加工工艺提高空间行波管收集极效率

针对二次电子发射系数对空间行波管收集极效率的影响,通过降低二次电子发射系数的方法,提高收集极的效率。并以无氧铜为例,使用化学刻蚀的方法对无氧铜样片进行表面处理,得到规则微孔阵列结构。使用二次电子发射测试平台对有无表面处理的无氧铜样片进行测量。测量结果显示,经化学刻蚀处理后的样片的最大二次电子发射系数由1.33减小到0.96,二次电子发射抑制效果明显。将测得的两个二次电子发射系数曲线用于空间行波管收集极的模拟设计中。选用已有的3个收集极结构模型,使用模拟软件进行仿真并计算收集极效率。结果表明,3个收集极结构模型的效率分别由原来的80.1%、57.5%、42.1%提高到82.55%、62.6%、59.2%。该结果对于空间行波管收集极的设计具有重要参考价值。     

超声速空腔流动波系演化及噪声控制研究进展

空腔结构在先进飞行器和动力装置中应用十分广泛,如飞机内埋武器舱、起落架舱、导弹光学头罩、超燃冲压发动机燃烧室、推力矢量发动机喷口等。这些空腔结构在实际应用中普遍面临严峻的气动噪声问题。研究表明,空腔噪声的产生与腔内非定常流动和复杂波系结构关系密切。对超声速空腔流致噪声已开展的研究进行综述,从而为系统地认识波系结构的演化规律、噪声产生机理和噪声控制机理提供参考。首先,介绍了闭式、过渡式和开式3种不同类型超声速空腔流动的主要特点,针对气动噪声最为严重的开式空腔流动,分析了7种典型波系结构形成、传播和相互作用等规律。然后,从空腔压力振荡反馈回路的4个关键环节出发,分析了当前广泛应用的3种压力反馈模型的异同。最后,总结梳理了超声速空腔噪声控制的5条路径,指出在第5条控制路径"干扰反馈激波的传播"研究方面存在的不足。并指出了当前研究存在的部分问题,就未来研究方向提出了建议。     

双油路离心喷嘴雾化特性的半经验预测方法

为了掌握主、副油路相互干涉的机制,进而获得双油路离心喷嘴雾化特性的预测工具,开展了双油路离心喷嘴的理论和试验验证研究,研究中所涉及的供油压差范围为0.05~3MPa。理论推导了双油路离心喷嘴液膜破碎长度和索太尔平均直径(SMD)的半经验预测公式,并使用了3个不同结构的双油路离心喷嘴进行了试验验证。结果表明:双油路离心喷嘴破碎长度和SMD的预测精度达到±20%。这些半经验关系式可以作为双油路离心喷嘴设计阶段的预测工具和仿真边界条件。      

架空线自阻尼的测试方法

自阻尼是导线的基本特性之一。在高压架空导线防振设计中,自阻尼是一个基础数据。本文是介绍对导线自阻尼的三种测试方法。其中的“剪力法”是我们自己研创的新方法。文中不仅介绍了测量技术,还附有在我国第一次测出的 LGJQ-400型导线的自阻尼数据。     

毫米波波束编码技术在无人机智能集群中的应用

毫米波波束编码技术由于其速率高、抗干扰能力强的优点被认为是无人机智能集群通信网络的重要解决方案。但在无人机智能集群的通信场景中,多种原因造成的机体不稳定抖动会使通信波束产生小角度偏转,引起通信质量的下降,从而影响无人机集群的控制与决策。针对这一问题,提出一种面向无人机集群通信的自适应波束设计方法。首先,根据传感器回传的机体波束抖动情况建立等效信道模型,随后利用量化的信道模型参数建立目标函数并获得理想的波束编码向量,在此基础上利用几何贪婪算法对其进行分解。仿真结果表明,提出的集群波束编码方法能够有效提高均值通信速率,同时相较于其他的系数分解算法,有效降低了计算复杂度。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

Transient flow characteristics and performance of a solid rocket motor with a pintle valve

The pintle valve is currently the most promising technology among all thrust control methods for solid rocket motors. Pintle structure and working condition play a critical role in the successful operation of a pintle motor. Here, 2D transient simulations of a pintle motor using dynamic meshing are performed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the implementation of an RNG k–ε turbulence model. In cold flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of pintle structure, and in hot flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of propellant pressure exponent. Validation is performed first by comparing the present results with available cold-test experimental data. This shows that the transient simulations can provide good predictions for pintle motors with a relative error of less than 2% in terms of the chamber pressure. It can be found that, when the gas supply system is different, the working principles and conditions of pintle motors are different. The feedback process in propellant combustion has a significant impact on its operation and the effect on the pintle motor performance of different pintle structures is achieved by different variations in the equivalent throat area. Finally, the pressure exponent is an important parameter in hot flow test and changes of thrust in hot flow test are not monotonic, because changes in the flow field and motor performance are asynchronous.     

不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性影响的数值研究

为了探究不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性的影响,在35°倾角平板射流模型中,采用非定常数值模拟方法进行相关研究。挑选常用的方波和正弦波作为冷气激励,无量纲激励频率斯特劳哈尔数St=0.019,0.047,0.093,0.263,0.441,重点对冷气附着和高温主流入侵现象进行了对比研究。结果表明:正弦激励下的冷气对壁面有更强的附着和更高的冷却效率;方波激励下的冷气穿透能力较强但对壁面附着相对较弱。此外,方波激励下存在主流入侵,会烧蚀气膜孔及局部壁面;而正弦激励使得冷气连续变化,能明显抑制主流入侵。更进一步,提高脉动周期内的最低吹风比不是抑制主流入侵的最佳方式,因为主流入侵主要是因为冷气量变化过于剧烈。针对正弦激励,冷气的无量纲激励频率St0.263后也会导致主流入侵。考虑冷却效果和避免主流入侵,建议在实际应用中选用较低频连续波形作为激励。     

一种基于半符号的PSWFs调制信号PAPR抑制方法

针对椭圆球面波(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions,PSWFs)调制信号峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)较高,易受信道非线性特性影响这一问题,文章引入半符号的思想,针对仅传输半个周期的奇对称、偶对称信号,降低并行传输信号路数,提出了一种基于半符号 PSWFs调制信号 PAPR抑制方法。该方法在发射端仅传输部分波形,用以降低调制信号 PAPR;在接收端,利用函数良好的奇偶对称性,对信号进行恢复。理论与仿真分析结果表明,所提方法在未明显降低系统误码性能的前提下,能够有效降低椭圆球面波调制信号峰均功率比。