嵌套闭磁场结构内CME产生和传播的数值模拟

给出了特殊类型的日冕物质抛射(CME)数值模拟定性结果,这种CME核心闭磁场结构前半部分磁力线的方向与太阳整体偶极场磁力线的方向相反．计算结果表明,这种CME核心闭磁场结构磁力线与太阳整体偶极场反向磁力线之间存在过渡磁场结构,在向外传播时过渡磁场结构所占的面积逐渐增大．这一结果可以用来解释飞船为什么能够观测到一类双极磁云,这类磁云前半部分磁场方向与太阳整体偶极场方向相反．为了模拟这一数值结果,强调需要采用包含嵌套闭磁场的冕流背景结构,并在合适的位置触发CME．     

基于多通道投影系统的纹理表面实时绘制技术

随着投影机硬件性能的提升与计算机图形图像技术的不断发展,投影技术被应用于越来越多的物体表面以提供更为生动震撼的视觉效果.提出了一种使用多通道投影系统和交互式平板设备对纹理表面进行实时绘制的方法.在分析系统颜色模型的基础上,提出了颜色参数恢复以及投影能量合理分配的算法.通过高效的交互渲染方式保证系统可以实时稳定地将绘制图像无畸变地显示于物体表面.实验结果表明,提出的方法在提高系统补偿精度的同时也提高了系统的亮度范围,在保证交互端与渲染端高度同步的前提下实时地对目标图像进行补偿.      

采用简单太阳翼指向控制的IGSO星座设计

在对以地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星为基础的全球覆盖通信星座的设计中,提出一种特殊的倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）星座,该星座中的卫星可采用与GEO卫星相同的太阳翼对日指向策略,避免了IGSO卫星为实现太阳翼对日指向采用偏航控制而引起的卫星设计复杂性和研制成本的增加。采用网格法对该星座的覆盖特性进行分析计算,结果表明这种IGSO星座可应用于单重覆盖或极区覆盖的任务,而3颗IGSO与3颗GEO卫星共同使用时可实现95%以上的全球通信覆盖率。     

小天体探测器电源系统方案设计及仿真

研究了小天体探测器在深空特殊环境下电源系统所面对的问题,提出了全调节母线能量直接传递的电源系统方案。根据探测器的轨道特性,分析了探测器在飞行过程中环境条件和不同负载等对电源系统的影响,考虑光照条件和峰值功率之间的关系,基于能量平衡的原理,对探测器的电源系统进行分析、设计。最后,通过数学仿真验证了方案设计的合理性。     

太阳风中小尺度磁通量管边界重联的统计研究

通过对WIND卫星1995—2005年的数据,利用程序筛选及人工识别两种不同方法确定的小尺度磁通量管进行比较,发现程序筛选法中41%的小尺度磁通量管有边界重联现象,与人工识别法确定的小尺度磁通量管的统计结果接近;通过人工识别和程序筛选两种方法确定的小尺度磁通量管的边界重联特征,包括磁场剪切角、磁场强度以及重联耗散区的持续时间等,也具有相同的统计趋势.结果表明,两种方法确定的小尺度磁通量管在重联特性上没有本质区别,因此采用这两种方法得到的数据作为样本来统计小尺度磁通量管前后边界重联事件.本文共确定了71个重联事件,统计结果显示有50个(70%)重联耗散区磁场的减小超过20%,47个(66%)磁场剪切角大于90°;多数重联事件的磁场剪切角大于90°,表明小尺度磁通量管边界中主要发生的是反平行重联.将小尺度磁通量管的前后边界重联分开进行统计,结果显示其前后边界重联的特征是相似的,与磁云前后边界存在差异的性质不同,这意味着太阳风中的小尺度磁通量管并不具有磁云这种大尺度磁通量管的膨胀特征.     

Effect of current sheets on the power spectrum of the solar wind magnetic field using a cell model

A puzzling observation of solar wind MHD turbulence is the often seen Kolmogorov scaling of k^-5/3$k^{-5/3}$, even though the solar wind MHD turbulence is dominated by Alfvénic fluctuations. Recently Li et al. (2011) proposed that the presence of current sheets may be the cause of the Kolmogorov scaling. Here, using a cell model of the solar wind we examine the effect of current sheets on the power spectrum of the solar wind magnetic field. We model the solar wind as multiple cells separated by current sheets. We prescribe the spectra of turbulent magnetic field in individual cells as IK-like and examine the spectra along trajectories that cross multiple boundaries. We find that these spectra become softer and are consistent with the Kolmogorov-scaling. Our finding supports our recent proposal of Li et al. (2011).     

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

电火花穿孔加工中管状电极振动幅值特性

在采用管状电极高压冲液的电火花穿孔加工中,较大幅值的电极随机振动将导致加工中侧壁短路和二次放电,这对穿孔加工精度和效率造成不利影响。本文以高压冲液管状电极为研究对象,采用仿真、实验验证及对比分析的方法研究了电极微观振动幅值特性。基于ANSYS有限元软件平台,建立了描述电极振动特性的有限元模型,通过数值模拟分析了冲液压力、导向器间隙、穿孔深度、放电间隙、主轴转速、电极悬长多因素对电极振动幅值的影响,分析了多因素耦合情况下各因素对电极振动幅值的影响程度,并进一步进行了实验验证。研究表明导向器间隙、穿孔深度、冲液压力与电极振动幅值成正相关性,减小导向器间隙由10 μm至1 μm,可有效降低孔径误差20 μm。多因素耦合分析得到电极振动幅值影响因素主次顺序为:穿孔深度、冲液压力、放电间隙、主轴转速、电极悬长。此项研究为优化电火花穿孔加工工艺与主轴设计提供依据。      

月球车车轮与模拟月壤相互作用试验

设计搭建了深空探测车车轮牵引特性试验台,制备了轮土试验用模拟月壤,在土槽中进行了模拟月壤的整备,重塑了就位月壤的力学特性.对不同轮齿类型的刚性车轮进行了牵引特性试验,分析了轮下模拟月壤的剪切破坏和车轮行驶阻力的表现形式.结果表明:增大轮上载荷能够提高挂钩牵引力,车轮的牵引效率随着滑转率的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势;随着轮齿高度的增加,挂钩牵引力会随之增大,车轮的最大牵引效率有所降低;随着轮齿数目的增加,挂钩牵引力会随之增大,车轮的牵引效率变化不大;车轮转速在数值较低的范围内变化时,对牵引性能的影响较小.     

Where does the heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays start?

The long outstanding question of where the heliospheric (solar) modulation of galactic cosmic rays actually begins, in terms of spatial position, as well as at what high kinetic energy, can now be answered. Both answers are possible by using the results of an advanced numerical model, together with appropriate observations. Voyager 1 has been exploring the outskirts of the heliosphere and is presently entering what can be called the very local interstellar medium. It has been generally expected, and accepted, that once the heliopause is crossed, the local interstellar spectrum (LIS) should be measured in situ by the Voyager spacecraft. However, we show that this may not be the case and that modulation effects on galactic cosmic rays can persist well beyond the heliopause. For example, proton observations at 100 MeV close to the heliopause can be lower by ∼$\sim$25% to 40% than the LIS, depending on solar modulation conditions. It is also illustrated quantitatively that significant solar modulation diminishes above ∼$\sim$50 GeV at Earth. It is found that cosmic ray observations above this energy contain less that 5%$5\%$ solar modulation effects and should therefore reflect the LIS for galactic cosmic rays. Input spectra, in other words the very LIS, for solar modulation models are now constrained by in situ observations and can therefore not any longer be treated arbitrarily. It is also possible for the first time to determine the lower limit of the very LIS from a few MeV/nuc to very high energies.