太阳模拟器光照不均匀性的研究

辐照不均匀性是太阳模拟器的一项主要技术指标.首先通过对国内外辐照不均匀性测量装置进行了充分的调研,决定采用“决门法”设计完成了辐照不均匀性的测量装置.接着通过试验证明了晴空无遮挡的太阳光可以作为该装置的标准光源并进行了该装置的标定.然后,利用该装置对自然光源进行了测试,结果与利用标准表测试一致.最后,利用该装置对脉冲式太阳模拟器的辐照不均匀性进行了现场测试.     

密集烘烤过程中烤房叶间风速指标的灰色关联聚类分析

在烘烤过程中,密集烤房内部不同位点的风速之间密切又复杂.为确定风速指标间的关系,测定了密集烤房内405个风速值,对15个风速指标进行了灰色关联聚类分析.结果表明：当聚类临界值为0.8时,15个风速指标可被聚为2类;当聚类临界值为0.7时,15个风速指标可被聚为1类.通过分析,密集烤房内部同一平面不同位点的风速差异较小,可视为均匀一致,密集烤房能够保证装烟室同一层烟叶整体上均处于同样的变色和干燥环境下,从而能够在理论上保证其烟叶相同的烘烤质量.     

风环境下行驶于大跨度桥梁上的车辆安全评价及影响因素研究

建立了风环境下行驶于振荡桥梁上的车辆受到侧向突发阵风时的车辆安全性分析方法.定义了包括侧翻、侧滑和偏转在内的三种风致车辆事故.在综合考虑路面粗糙度、车辆悬挂系统以及车轮相对于桥面侧向相对滑动的基础上,提出了能够考虑桥梁的静风响应、抖振响应、汽车一桥梁耦合振动、系统的时变特性以及结构几何非线性和气动荷载非线性影响的风一汽车一桥梁系统空间耦合分析模型,编制了相应的分析程序.以杭州湾跨海大桥为工程实例,运用所编制的程序研究了路面粗糙度、风速以及干、湿、雪、冰路面状况对行驶于桥梁上的车辆安全性的影响,给出了典型车辆在桥梁上发生事故的临界风速,并与车辆行驶于路面上的相应值进行了对比;对比表明:振荡的桥梁会降低车辆发生事故的临界风速.     

微型扑翼飞行器升力特性研究

为了对微型扑翼飞行器升力机理进行探索性研究,本文利用西北工业大学微型飞行器专用风洞进行了扑动翼频率、风速、迎角、扑动翼弯度对其升力特性影响的研究.并且利用示波器对扑动翼扑动相位角和产生升力大小之间的关系进行了研究.试验结果表明升力特性的研究为微型扑翼飞行器总体设计和气动布局设计提供了一定的工程指导.     

基于低矮建筑物实测数据的改进湍流物理模型

要准确模拟低矮建筑物壁面上分离涡位置的平均风压比较困难,这些区域在绕钝体流动中也是很关键的部位.本文在Spalart-Allamaras湍流物理模型的基础上,根据钝体绕流流场特性,结合低矮建筑物上的实测数据,调试并选取合适的参数,提高涡粘预测的准确性,提出了改进的S-A湍流物理模型.通过对6m立方体和Silsoe低矮建筑模型进行稳态数值模拟,由改进S-A湍流模型得到的屋面、背风和侧风面上平均风压结果,比目前公认的模拟钝体绕流效果较好的SST湍流模型有较大改善,比风洞实验更接近实测结果.由此可以看出,本文改进湍流模型的方法,将是一条提高预测建筑物表面平均风压精度很有效的途径.     

基于C8051F020单片机的无人机加速度采集系统

为了满足无人机三轴加速度测量与控制的需要,设计了一种简易、方便的加速度采集系统.本系统采用高集成度单片机C8051F020进行多通道数据的采集和A/D 转换,在单片机内部完成数据存储、数据处理,再利用串行通信接口将数据传送至上位机,然后由无线发射模块发送至地面接收设备.在试验条件下,可以将采集到的数据传送至PC机进行分析或者由液晶显示仪显示.     

Lower ionosphere response to external forcing: A brief review

There are two ways of external forcing of the lower ionosphere, the region below an altitude of about 100 km: (1) From above, which is directly or indirectly of solar origin. (2) From below, which is directly or indirectly of atmospheric origin. The external forcing of solar origin consists of two general factors – solar ionizing radiation variability and space weather. The solar ionization variability consist mainly from the 11-year solar cycle, the 27-day solar rotation and solar flares, strong flares being very important phenomenon in the daytime lower ionosphere due to the enormous increase of the solar X-ray flux resulting in temporal terminating of MF and partly LF and HF radio wave propagation due to heavy absorption of radio waves. Monitoring of the sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs – effects of solar flares in the lower ionosphere) served in the past as an important tool of monitoring the solar activity and its impacts on the ionosphere. Space weather effects on the lower ionosphere consist of many different but often inter-related phenomena, which govern the lower ionosphere variability at high latitudes, particularly at night. The most important space weather phenomenon for the lower ionosphere is strong geomagnetic storms, which affect substantially both the high- and mid-latitude lower ionosphere. As for forcing from below, it is caused mainly by waves in the neutral atmosphere, i.e. planetary, tidal, gravity and infrasonic waves. The most important and most studied waves are planetary and gravity waves. Another channel of the troposphere coupling to the lower ionosphere is through lightning-related processes leading to sprites, blue jets etc. and their ionospheric counterparts. These phenomena occur on very short time scales. The external forcing of the lower ionosphere has observationally been studied using predominantly ground-based methods exploiting in various ways the radio wave propagation, and by sporadic rocket soundings. All the above phenomena are briefly mentioned and some of them are treated in more detail.     

The solar cosmic ray ground-level enhancements on 20 January 2005 and 13 December 2006

Close to the current solar activity minimum, two large solar cosmic ray ground-level enhancements (GLE) were recorded by the worldwide network of neutron monitors (NM). The enormous GLE on 20 January 2005 is the largest increase observed since the famous GLE in 1956, and the solar cosmic-ray event recorded on 13 December 2006 is among the largest in solar cycle 23. From the recordings of the NMs during the two GLEs, we determined the characteristics of the solar particle flux near Earth.     

跨声速风洞全模颤振试验悬浮支撑系统

介绍了用于CARDC的2．4m跨声速风洞全模颤振试验的悬浮支撑系统的组成、试验装置的结构及其特点、控制算法等。给出了风洞调试试验结果,并进行了简要讨论。试验结果表明,研制的悬浮支撑系统具有强度高,对模型的浮沉和滚转控制能力强等特点。     

菜园坝长江大桥主拱节段风洞试验及分析

中承式拱桥属于柔性空间结构,主拱上承受的脉动风荷载相互干扰。以重庆菜园坝长江大桥为研究对象,进行了湍流下的主拱单拱及双拱节段模型风洞试验。对模型表面脉动压力的功率谱、相关系数、水平和竖向相干函数进行了细致分析,讨论了双拱间距宽度比对脉动压力频域特性的影响。当间距宽度比大于5时,后拱风荷载受到前拱的干扰作用。当两拱间距宽度比小于5时,前后拱风荷载特性类似于组合截面。随间距宽度比变小,主拱涡脱落折算频率和压力功率谱逐渐增大,前后拱迎风面和背风面的相关系数及相干系数均逐步降低。