三维回转器回旋条件下拟南芥种子发育分析

向重力性反应是植物适应地球重力环境的一个重要生理过程, 是植物正常生长发育不可缺少的反应机制, 但是, 微重力是否影响植物种子发育至今尚无一致性结论. 本文研究了三维回转器回旋模拟微重力对拟南芥种子发育(胚胎发育与代谢活动)的影响. 研究结果表明, 三维回转条件下, 拟南芥果荚出现不规则弯曲或扭曲形态, 形成的种子中可溶性糖和淀粉含量明显增加, 盐溶性贮藏蛋白质含量显著降低而碱溶性蛋白质含量显著升高, 球形胚时期的种子对三维回转处理最为敏感. 对球形胚时期的植株进行短期的三维回转处理可抑制胚柄细胞的分裂和伸长, 而胚柄伸长受阻可能会影响到营养物质向胚胎中输送, 进而导致部分胚胎败育. 对种子干燥脱水阶段的植株进行三维回转处理不影响胚胎的发育, 但会导致种子贮藏蛋白质含量下降.      

Removing Solar Radiation Based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition Method for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly Before the M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake

The ionospheric effect from solar activity can be seen as the background in the process of detecting the ionospheric precursor prior to strong earthquakes. The ionospheric variation induced by the forthcoming earthquake can be covered by the strong solar background during the period of high solar activity. The issue of how to remove the ionospheric effect from solar radiation is of outstanding significance. In this paper, a method of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is used to eliminate the solar background. As a case study, the global ionospheric map TEC before the M9.0 Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011 is analyzed. After the effect of solar radiation is removed using the EMD method, the precursor of the imminent earthquake is more obvious. The ionospheric anomaly had a local character and only appeared close to the earthquake epicenter while the useful signals were covered by the solar radiation background with traditional method, which implies that the EMD method is effective in eliminating solar radiation background.      

一种精确计算航天器本体对太阳电池阵遮挡的方法

针对航天器太阳电池阵电设计和热设计中需要准确考虑阴影影响的问题,提出了一种可以精确计算太阳电池阵阴影的方法。首先使用三角网格来建立3D模型,其次考虑了航天器本体构件间的相对运动,然后用一个“包围盒”去截取模型上的三角网格点,再把这些点投射到太阳电池阵上,最后把太阳电池阵分成小方格,分别使用逐点比较法和最小矩形法来生成阴影图形。给出了月球车遮挡计算的实例,仿真分析表明生成阴影图形时,最小矩形法具有更高的速度。使用本文所述的方法,可计算结构复杂、构件间有相对运动的航天器本体对太阳电池阵造成的遮挡,能生成精确的阴影图形,为后续计算受遮挡的太阳电池阵的输出特性奠定了基础。     

太阳帆航天器姿态机动的复合控制研究

输入成型法无法消除姿态机动过程中的柔性振动,残留的柔性振动将改变大柔性太阳帆航天器的结构参数,影响姿态机动的控制精度。为此,基于两种控制手段（作用于太阳帆中心的喷气和作用于支撑杆顶端的电推进）的组合,提出复合控制方法,以消除姿态机动过程中的柔性振动。采用将帆面质量等效到支撑杆的简化方法,建立太阳帆航天器姿态运动与柔性振动的耦合动力学模型,并从减小振动模态的外加激励出发,根据简化的动力学模型,得到了两种复合控制的设计方法：消除某一阶的柔性振动方法和减小前n（n>1）阶的柔性振动方法。仿真结果表明,相比输入成型法,第二种复合控制方法不但机动时间短,还能够将姿态机动过程中的柔性振动抑制到5%,使机动角度精度优于0.003°。由于仅利用已有的控制手段,复合控制方法算法简单,适合于实际应用。     

一种晨昏轨道卫星地球反照系数估计方法

针对地球反照对太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵输出电流的影响,首先比较不同降交点地方时卫星的太阳电池阵输出电流,分析其变化规律,然后选定晨昏轨道卫星作为研究对象,建立太阳电池阵输出电流模型与地球反照系数估计模型,利用最小二乘法估计电流参数与地球反照系数,最后结合不同季节、不同轨道高度卫星的遥测数据进行在轨验证。结果表明,对于轨道高度在1200km以下的晨昏轨道卫星,地球反照系数在0.05以上;地球反照系数随轨道高度增加呈指数规律衰减,衰减系数约为0.002。     

China's Deep-space Exploration to 2030

Focusing on the key scientific questions of deep space exploration which include the origin and evolution of the solar system and its planets, disastrous impact on the Earth by the solar activities and small bodies, extraterrestrial life, this paper put forward a propose about the roadmap and scientific objectives of China's Deep-space Exploration before 2030.     

Patterns of carbon monoxide in the middle atmosphere and effects of solar variability

We determine the spatial-time patterns of zonally averaged carbon monoxide (CO) in the middle atmosphere by applying Principle Component Analysis to the CO data obtained from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements on the Aura satellite in 2004–2012. The first two principal components characterize more than 90% of the CO variability. Both principal components are localized in the low thermosphere near the mesopause. The first principal component is asymmetric relative to the poles. It has opposite signs in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere at mid to high latitudes and strongly oscillates with an annual periodicity. The second principal component has the same sign in both hemispheres and oscillates mainly with a semi-annual frequency. Both principal components are modulated by the 11-year solar cycle and display short-term variations. To test possible correlations of these variations with the short term solar ultraviolet (UV) variability we use the simultaneous measurements of the UV solar radiance from the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite to investigate the correlation between CO in the middle atmosphere and solar UV in 2004–2012. Using a wavelet coherence technique a weak, intermittent 27-day signal is detected in high-frequency parts of the CO principal components.     

Study of the influence of solar variability on a regional (Indian) climate: 1901–2007

We use Indian temperature data of more than 100 years to study the influence of solar activity on climate. We study the Sun–climate relationship by averaging solar and climate data at various time scales; decadal, solar activity and solar magnetic cycles. We also consider the minimum and maximum values of sunspot number (SSN) during each solar cycle. This parameter SSN is correlated better with Indian temperature when these data are averaged over solar magnetic polarity epochs (SSN maximum to maximum). Our results indicate that the solar variability may still be contributing to ongoing climate change and suggest for more investigations.     

Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.     

Cross-hemisphere comparison of mid-latitude ionospheric variability during 1996–2009: Juliusruh vs. Hobart

Analysis of a long-time series of hourly median characteristics of the ionospheric plasma at two mid-latitude locations in the Northern and Southern hemisphere, Juliusruh (54.6N; 13.4E) and Hobart (42.9S; 147.3E), reveals patterns of their synchronous and independent variability. We studied timelines of GPS vTEC, ionogram-derived F2-layer peak electron density NmF2, ionospheric equivalent slab thickness τ, and their ratios at two locations during the complete 23rd solar cycle and its following period of the extremely low solar activity in 2008–2009. This study has also involved the comparative analysis of the observed data versus the model predictions by IRI-2012. During the high solar activity in 2000–2002, seasonal variations show a complicated cross-hemisphere behavior influenced by the winter and semi-annual anomalies, with the largest noon-time values of TEC and NmF2 observed around equinoxes. Strength of the winter anomaly in NmF2 was significantly greater at Juliusruh in comparison with Hobart. The winter anomaly in GPS vTEC values was much weaker than in NmF2 for the Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes and was entirely absent at the Southern hemisphere. Cross-hemisphere analysis of the equivalent slab thickness shows its clear seasonal dependence for all levels of solar activity: the day-time maximum τ_max is observed during local summer, whereas the day-time minimum τ_min is observed during local winter. The night-time values of τ were higher compared to the day-time values during the winter and equinox seasons. Comparative model-data study shows rather good IRI performance of the day-time NmF2 for mid-latitudes of both hemispheres and rather noticeable overestimations for the mid-night NmF2 values during high solar activity. Analysis of IRI vTEC demonstrates the model limitations, related with the absence of the plasmaspheric part, and actual demand in a reliable and standard ionosphere–plasmasphere model for analysis of GPS vTEC.