一种精确计算航天器本体对太阳电池阵遮挡的方法

针对航天器太阳电池阵电设计和热设计中需要准确考虑阴影影响的问题,提出了一种可以精确计算太阳电池阵阴影的方法。首先使用三角网格来建立3D模型,其次考虑了航天器本体构件间的相对运动,然后用一个“包围盒”去截取模型上的三角网格点,再把这些点投射到太阳电池阵上,最后把太阳电池阵分成小方格,分别使用逐点比较法和最小矩形法来生成阴影图形。给出了月球车遮挡计算的实例,仿真分析表明生成阴影图形时,最小矩形法具有更高的速度。使用本文所述的方法,可计算结构复杂、构件间有相对运动的航天器本体对太阳电池阵造成的遮挡,能生成精确的阴影图形,为后续计算受遮挡的太阳电池阵的输出特性奠定了基础。     

太阳帆航天器姿态机动的复合控制研究

输入成型法无法消除姿态机动过程中的柔性振动,残留的柔性振动将改变大柔性太阳帆航天器的结构参数,影响姿态机动的控制精度。为此,基于两种控制手段（作用于太阳帆中心的喷气和作用于支撑杆顶端的电推进）的组合,提出复合控制方法,以消除姿态机动过程中的柔性振动。采用将帆面质量等效到支撑杆的简化方法,建立太阳帆航天器姿态运动与柔性振动的耦合动力学模型,并从减小振动模态的外加激励出发,根据简化的动力学模型,得到了两种复合控制的设计方法：消除某一阶的柔性振动方法和减小前n（n>1）阶的柔性振动方法。仿真结果表明,相比输入成型法,第二种复合控制方法不但机动时间短,还能够将姿态机动过程中的柔性振动抑制到5%,使机动角度精度优于0.003°。由于仅利用已有的控制手段,复合控制方法算法简单,适合于实际应用。     

超导核磁共振技术在航天员生命保障中的应用前景探究

长期空间飞行会对航天员的身心健康造成一定的不利影响,开展航天员生命保障的研究是非常必要的。核磁共振技术是疾病检查诊断的重要手段,同样在航天员生命保障医疗中将发挥重要的作用。文章结合国内外相关研究进展以及航天员选拔、训练和航天员医监医保的相关知识,探究了超导核磁共振技术在航天员生命保障中的应用前景。     

动态环路法磁矩测量技术研究

文章提出了一种新的航天器磁矩测量方法——动态环路法。首先,利用高斯电势级数公式建立了航天器的磁性偶极-四极模型。然后,针对模型中的8个磁矩分量,基于动态环路法的基本测量原理,设计了5组磁通感应线圈;根据8个磁矩分量的磁感应强度分布以及5组线圈的具体形状和位置,给出了各磁矩分量的磁通量表达式和利用积分法计算各个磁矩分量的公式。最后,对在推导过程中由于简化带来的近似误差和利用积分法计算公式理论计算误差进行了初步分析。当线圈间隔L为半径r的5%时,近似误差和积分法理论计算误差分别不超过2%和0.17%。结果表明,该方法不但能够获得航天器的磁矩大小并计算出其磁心坐标,而且还具有测量过程简单、测量速度较快以及测量精度高的优点。     

一种晨昏轨道卫星地球反照系数估计方法

针对地球反照对太阳同步轨道卫星太阳电池阵输出电流的影响,首先比较不同降交点地方时卫星的太阳电池阵输出电流,分析其变化规律,然后选定晨昏轨道卫星作为研究对象,建立太阳电池阵输出电流模型与地球反照系数估计模型,利用最小二乘法估计电流参数与地球反照系数,最后结合不同季节、不同轨道高度卫星的遥测数据进行在轨验证。结果表明,对于轨道高度在1200km以下的晨昏轨道卫星,地球反照系数在0.05以上;地球反照系数随轨道高度增加呈指数规律衰减,衰减系数约为0.002。     

一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承

提出一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承结构,球面磁轴承定、转子均采用球面结构。当磁通作用在转子的球形包络面时,产生的电磁力会指向转子球心,不会对转子产生干扰力矩,但少量的漏磁磁通会作用在转子的非球形平面上,导致低干扰力矩的出现。利用等效磁路法对球形转子偏转时轴向部分漏磁导致的干扰力矩进行分析,得出干扰力矩的数学表达式。运用有限元法分析球面磁轴承和柱面磁轴承产生偏转时的干扰力矩,结果表明干扰力矩随着转子偏转角度的增加而增大,当转子偏转角达到最大允许值0.3°时,球面磁轴承与柱面磁轴承相比干扰力矩减小两个数量级。球面磁轴承的低干扰力矩特性决定其特别适用于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺,可提高陀螺的控制精度,在磁悬浮高能密度电机、其他飞轮系统等场合具有广阔的应用前景。     

China's Deep-space Exploration to 2030

Focusing on the key scientific questions of deep space exploration which include the origin and evolution of the solar system and its planets, disastrous impact on the Earth by the solar activities and small bodies, extraterrestrial life, this paper put forward a propose about the roadmap and scientific objectives of China's Deep-space Exploration before 2030.     

Patterns of carbon monoxide in the middle atmosphere and effects of solar variability

We determine the spatial-time patterns of zonally averaged carbon monoxide (CO) in the middle atmosphere by applying Principle Component Analysis to the CO data obtained from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements on the Aura satellite in 2004–2012. The first two principal components characterize more than 90% of the CO variability. Both principal components are localized in the low thermosphere near the mesopause. The first principal component is asymmetric relative to the poles. It has opposite signs in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere at mid to high latitudes and strongly oscillates with an annual periodicity. The second principal component has the same sign in both hemispheres and oscillates mainly with a semi-annual frequency. Both principal components are modulated by the 11-year solar cycle and display short-term variations. To test possible correlations of these variations with the short term solar ultraviolet (UV) variability we use the simultaneous measurements of the UV solar radiance from the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite to investigate the correlation between CO in the middle atmosphere and solar UV in 2004–2012. Using a wavelet coherence technique a weak, intermittent 27-day signal is detected in high-frequency parts of the CO principal components.     

Study of the influence of solar variability on a regional (Indian) climate: 1901–2007

We use Indian temperature data of more than 100 years to study the influence of solar activity on climate. We study the Sun–climate relationship by averaging solar and climate data at various time scales; decadal, solar activity and solar magnetic cycles. We also consider the minimum and maximum values of sunspot number (SSN) during each solar cycle. This parameter SSN is correlated better with Indian temperature when these data are averaged over solar magnetic polarity epochs (SSN maximum to maximum). Our results indicate that the solar variability may still be contributing to ongoing climate change and suggest for more investigations.     

Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.