Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.     

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

航天运载器磁悬浮助推发射关键技术

以航天运输为背景,研究了磁悬浮助推发射的磁悬浮、直线电机、空气动力影响和运载器分离发射等关键技术问题.通过磁悬浮系统比较,确定高温超导体EDS(Electrodynamic Suspension)系统是适合的磁悬浮技术方案,在单元静、动态实验测试基础上,研究其基本静态悬浮导向性能和刚度、阻尼特性,并建立缩比研究试验平台以评估磁悬浮系统的综合性能.通过分析2种直线电机类型及优缺点,确定双边感应直线电机是适合磁悬浮发射系统的一种直线电机加速方式,并确定脉冲磁流体发电的能量供给方案.通过磁悬浮发射空气动力影响分析,优化设计磁悬浮发射装置气动外形和气动布局,得出其基本气动特性,并提出利于实现系统俯仰力矩平衡的气动翼控制方案.研究了运载器同时滑离导轨式定向器分离发射方案,并通过动静法计算分析得出运载器从定向器滑轨上成功分离所需具备的基本动力学参数.      

L10结构金属间化合物空位形成能

L1₀结构CoPt和FePt 薄膜因其高磁各向异性而成为新一代超高磁记录密度材料.采用Miedema理论计算了多种L1₀结构金属间化合物的空位形成能.研究结果表明:在这些金属间化合物中可能形成的空位类型,如FeNi和MnNi合金中易形成Ni空位;FePt和FePd合金中易形成Fe空位;CoPt合金中易形成Co空位;NiPt合金中易形成Ni空位;MnPt合金中易形成Pt空位;MnPd和MnHg合金中易形成Mn空位;MnRh合金中易形成Rh空位.这一研究结果为进一步研究开发高性能的磁性薄膜提供了理论依据.     

太阳电池阵极月轨道在轨热分析

以极月轨道上太阳电池阵作为研究对象,详细分析了该轨道上电池阵所得各外热流的确定方法.以此为基础,对太阳电池阵进行在轨温度数值模拟,得到月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布.计算结果与地球卫星的相应数据进行比较,明确了月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布特点,为月球卫星上太阳电池阵以及整个卫星的设计提供了有利的数据参考.      

Sharp boundaries of solar wind plasma structures and their relationship to solar wind turbulence

Sharp (<10 min) and large (>20%) solar wind ion flux changes are common phenomena in turbulent solar wind plasma. These changes are the boundaries of small- and middle-scale solar wind plasma structures which can have a significant influence on Earth’s magnetosphere. These solar wind ion flux changes are typically accompanied by only a small change in the bulk solar wind velocity, hence, the flux changes are driven mainly by plasma density variations. We show that these events occur more frequently in high-density solar wind. A characteristic of solar wind turbulence, intermittency, is determined for time periods with and without these flux changes. The probability distribution functions (PDF) of solar wind ion flux variations for different time scales are calculated for each of these periods and compared. For large time scales, the PDFs are Gaussian for both data sets. For small time scales, the PDFs from both data set are more flat than Gaussian, but the degree of flatness is much larger for the data near the sharp flux change boundaries.     

SOME RESULTS OF UPPER ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS BY A MASS-SPECTROMETER ON BOARD "SZ-2":CHANGE OF COMPOSITIONS DURING SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES

Upper atmosphere composition data were obtained for the last half year with a quadruple mass spectrometer on board spacecraft "SZ-2" launched on 10 Jan uary 2001. Based on the analysis of these data, the variations of atmospheric compositions in solar and geomagnetic quiet conditions are reported first, then a detailed discussion on the atmospheric composition variations under the so lar and geomagnetic disturbed conditions is given. The results show that near the altitude of 400 km the variations of main atmospheric compositions corre sponding to solar disturbances are more remarkable in the sunlit area than in the shade area. On the contrary, in geomagnetic disturbance events the corre sponding variations are more obvious in the shade area, an evident increase of N2 density at relatively higher latitudes was observed.     

附属小圆柱对主圆柱绕流影响的数值模拟

从小马赫数下的可压缩Navier-Stokes方程出发,采用覆盖网格分区算法,对在主圆柱尾流场的适当位置放置附属小圆柱时的流动特性及其对主圆柱绕流问题的影响进行了详细的数值模拟研究.根据模拟结果,主要探讨在小雷诺数范围内,附属小圆柱位置、个数、大小以及雷诺数变化等因素对主圆柱绕流的流场结构及其非定常演化过程的影响.计算结果表明,在小雷诺数范围内,无论附属小圆柱的个数如何,都存在最佳抑制区域.当附属小圆柱放在这个区域时,涡街被完全抑制,整个流场达到准定常状态;同时,阻力系数也显著下降.在一定程度上,随着小圆柱直径的增加,主圆柱涡脱落更易被抑制.另外,相对于单个附加小圆柱而言,使用两个附加小圆柱能使主圆柱涡脱落的抑制提高到更高的雷诺数.      

单流体二维太阳风结构的磁流体力学模拟

在添加动量项的条件下，对单流体二维磁流体力学方程组进行模拟，得到了子午面上的太阳风结构，结果表明，添加动量项的形式及其被加入的位置对远区太阳风速度和质子密度有重要的影响。本文在适当的区域加入合适的动量项得出了远区太阳风速和质子密度与Ulysses观测基本符合的结果。文中给出了较合适的动量添加区域为3.5-10Rs(Rs为太阳半径）。