Aspects of Global Magnetospheric Processes

Magnetospheric global modeling is a method to link observations from distant regions via physical laws and has long played a unique and crucial role in space physics. It, different from computer simulations, represents the highest level of abstraction of the physical understanding of the processes that cause observed phenomena. It results in various specific models. While it appears in the form of cartoons, it is based on and has to be qualitatively consistent with physical laws. With the advancement of computer simulations, clues to the connection between physical laws and observation can be perceived much more easily than as ever before. However, computer simulation results are highly dependent on the used boundary conditions and numerical methods which may or may not represent the reality, even if the initial conditions are properly set. Therefore, simulations can easily mislead the investigations. Furthermore, a simulation result needs to be examined using diagnostic tools, such as field line tracing and streamline tracing programs. There are uncertainties in these diagnostic methods. The errors can be very large in certain areas under certain conditions. For example, a small error may link two different field lines or stream lines. The interpretations of the simulation results can be misled by these errors. The knowledge of global modeling can be useful in identifying the inconsistencies in the simulations and the flaws in the theoretical interpretation from the simulations. This review-tutorial article outlines the principles of the global modeling and discusses the successes and flaws of several global models.     

异形光斑的高精度光束偏转角度测量

大气湍流通常会造成激光光斑畸变为不规则的异形光斑,针对目前四象限探测器(QD)对空间光通信中不规则光斑偏转角度测量精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于多源信息融合的高精度光束偏转角度测量方法.该方法通过对QD及电荷耦合元件(CCD)的数据信息进行融合分析,在保持QD高分辨率和高响应速度的基础上,提高QD对不规则光斑偏转角的测...     

Contribution of geometry of interaction between interplanetary and terrestrial magnetic fields into global magnetospheric state and geomagnetic activity

The paper presents results of our study of dependence of geomagnetic activity from geoeffective parameters taking into account mutual orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, electric field of the solar wind and geomagnetic moment. We attract a reconnection model elaborated by us made allowance for changes of geometry of the solar wind–magnetosphere interaction during annual and diurnal motions of the Earth. We take as our data base the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind velocity measured at 1 a.u. at ecliptic plane for the period of 1963–2005 and K_p, D_st, a_m indices. Taken as a whole a geoeffective parameter suggested by us explains 95% of observed variations of the indices. Changes of the geometric factor determined by mutual orientation of the solar wind electric field and geomagnetic moment explain larger than 75% of observed statistical variations of D_st and a_m indices. Based on our results we suggest a new explanation of semi-annual and UT variation of geomagnetic activity.     

折叠太阳翼支承点分布优化分析

为了研究支承点分布对折叠太阳翼固有频率的影响,以典型两折叠太阳翼结构为研究对象,根据能量守恒原理和Rayleigh-Ritz理论推导出两折叠太阳翼的振动方程和频率方程。对折叠太阳翼固有特性及支承点分布对其固有特性的影响进行深入分析,并以基频最大为目标对其支承点的分布进行优化,获得最优支承位置。算例分析表明,在给定支承点分布情况下,理论计算结果与有限元分析结果具有较好的一致性。研究结果可为折叠太阳翼支承点分布的设计提供理论分析依据。     

敏捷卫星高刚度太阳翼的设计与验证

基于对国内外敏捷卫星带辅助支撑式太阳翼现状及存在问题的分析,开展了太阳翼的构型设计与布局优化,设计一种基于带簧铰链与自适应锁定式铰链的单臂支撑式高刚度太阳翼。利用支撑臂中部带簧铰链在弯折后形态可变的特性,解决了多连杆闭环机构收拢状态下的杆长匹配问题;利用太阳翼根部自适应锁定式铰链可自动调节锁定状态的特性,解决了展开末了过约束锁定的技术难题,实现了带辅助支撑式太阳翼根部铰链的可靠锁定功能。开展太阳翼展开静力矩裕度分析、模态分析和展开动力学分析,结果表明,太阳翼展开力矩裕度大于1,展开状态下基频大于8 Hz,展开过程顺畅无死点,展开末了冲击力不超过750 N。开展了太阳翼地面试验验证和在轨飞行验证,结果表明,该高刚度太阳翼满足敏捷卫星在轨长时间快速机动的使用要求。     

空间太阳能阵列光照的建模仿真及优化

针对空间救援飞行器在无控模式下,固定的太阳能阵列可能受到光线照射面积不足的问题,提出采用建模仿真及优化阵列布局的方法来提高任意光照角度下的受光面积。通过建立参数化驱动的空间飞行器外形几何模型、任意角度下的光线投射模型和考虑自身结构阴影遮挡的光照模型,研究空间任意光照角度下太阳能阵列接收光线照射的有效面积,并得到最低受光面积。基于建立的光照模型,采用遗传算法,对影响太阳能阵列布局的关键参数进行优化。可视化仿真结果校验了模型的有效性,优化结果显示算法收敛且获得了最优结果,满足空间无控飞行任务要求。     

太阳耀斑的行星引潮力触发

阐述了太阳潮波动力学的概况，依据实际资料的统计结果指出；行星引潮力触发耀斑的效应随耀斑级别的增大而增强；对于3级及其以上耀斑，强潮汐触发较之弱触发的耀斑产出率之比高达9.33；这个重要事实在预报地球和日地空间灾害性扰动方面，会有相当大的实际价值。     

NASA 二级轻气炮设备简介

随着人类航天活动日益频繁,地球轨道上空间碎片总数逐年增长。航天器表面空间碎片防护工作受到各航天大国的高度重视。航天器针对毫米级空间碎片主要采用被动防护方式。超高速撞击实验是防护方案设计工作的基础。NASA 在毫米级弹丸超高速撞击实验中采用的主要发射装置为二级轻气炮。本文对美国 NASA 和相关单位二级轻气炮设备及其未来发展趋势进行简要介绍,同时对我国相关单位超高速撞击实验设备进行分析,并对发展趋势进行讨论。     

弹道靶中球模型非平衡可见光辐射的测量

使用中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)再入物理弹道靶和双狭缝式辐射计测量了多个状态的高超声速无烧蚀钢球模型非平衡流场的可见光辐射强度,并对实验技术和方法进行了讨论和分析.测量波段中心波长位于可见光的绿光波段(517.8nm、519.8nm),半宽度为6.6nm.球模型飞行速度为4.8~5.7km/s,靶室压力1333~10666Pa.实验数据与文献和计算结果一致,并发现高靶压状态辐射强度峰值下降的拖尾现象,其原因尚待分析.     

太阳质子事件预报和射电Ⅰ型噪暴

太阳是一个异常活跃的天体,其爆发过程会对地球周围空间环境产生重要影响. 通常,单个高能质子即足以引起飞行器中微电子器件出现异常,因此太阳质子事件预报是空间天气预报的重要内容. 关于预报模型的参数选择尚有值得改进之处. 研究认为,Ⅰ型噪暴与日冕加热磁重联具有密切关系,可以作为预报参数. 通过两个典型太阳爆发事件的详细资料分析,说明了Ⅰ型噪暴与质子事件及CME的相关性.