二维非对称喷管数值模拟与验证

采用Fluent软件针对二维非对称喷管进行数值模拟,考察了其中几种常用湍流模型及网格密度对模拟精度的影响,并将计算结果与NASA公布的实验数据进行比较,找出了精度较高、求解快捷的模拟方案,结果表明FLUENT软件可以应用于带高超声速外流的非对称超声速喷管内外流场的数值计算。      

端壁翼刀控制压气机叶栅二次流的数值研究

对CDA常规直叶栅和4种端壁翼刀方案下叶栅内三维粘性流场进行了数值研究。分析表明,端壁不同位置上的翼刀不同程度上都阻断了近端壁区域压力面至吸力面的二次流动,翼刀上方偏向吸力面侧有反向"翼刀涡"产生,通道涡的强度被削弱;距压力面30%节距位置为安装端壁翼刀的最佳位置,可使损失降低7%～9%。计算结果和实验结果吻合较好。      

基于数值模拟的轴对称矢量喷管内流特性研究

采用三维有粘定常程序计算了轴对称矢量喷管的内流特性,研究了尺寸缩比、冷热态的影响,并与冷态缩比模型矢量特性试验结果进行了对比;给出了设计工况的内流特性,讨论了几何矢量角、喷管落压比对内流特性的影响.研究结果表明,尺寸缩比、冷热态对内流特性的影响均很小,冷态缩比模型试验结果可以真实地反映设计工况的内流特性,轴对称矢量喷管在设计工况下具有良好的内流特性,并且几何矢量角、喷管落压比对内流特性均有影响.      

导弹尾部外形对发动机水下点火推力的影响

利用球形气泡模型,通过数值求解研究了导弹尾部对发动机水下点火时推力峰值、尾部压力分布以及推力波动特性的影响.计算结果表明:尾部收敛段半锥顶角的变化对推力峰值影响较大,半锥顶角大于45°时,随着半锥顶角的减小,推力峰值缓慢下降;半锥顶角小于45°时,推力峰值随着半锥顶角的减小而加速下降;半锥顶角对推力达到峰值的时间影响较小;推力达到峰值时尾部收敛段压力分布变化较大;半锥顶角对推力波动特性影响很小.      

一种改进的航空发动机转静件碰摩故障诊断方法

针对航空发动机碰摩故障的实际情况,分析了各种诊断方法的应用局限性,引入并改进适用于航空发动机碰摩诊断的基于SVD(奇异值分解)的碰摩特征提取方法:提出利用数据边界延拓来消除边界振荡,以此发展了适合短时间序列和长时间序列的奇异值分解处理方法,并探讨了简便实用的奇异值选择方法.并在某航空发动机故障信号的检测中,取得了良好的效果.      

腹下无隔道大偏距跨声速S弯进气道气动特性的实验研究(英文)

An investigation on the ventral diverterless high offset S-shaped inlet is carried out at Mach numbers from 0.600 to 1.534, angles of attack from -4° to 9.4°, and yaw angles from 0° to 8°. Results indicate： （1） a large region of low total pressure exists at the lower part of the inlet exit caused by the counter-rotating vortices in the S-shaped duct; （2） the performances of the inlet at Mach number 1.000 reach almost the highest, so the propulsion system could work efficiently in terms of aerodynamics; （3） the total pressure recovery increases slowly at first and then remains unvaried as the Mach number rises from 0.6 to 1.0, however, it does in an opposite manner in the conventional diverter-equipped S-shaped inlet; （4） the performances of the inlet are generally insensitive to angles of attack from -4° to 9.4° and yaw angles from 0° to 8° at Mach number 0.850, and angles of attack from -2° to 6° and yaw angles from 0° to 5° at Mach number 1.534.     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

航空发动机风扇转子叶片外物损伤I.鸟撞击试验研究(英文)

本文改进了叶片鸟撞击试验条件。对某型发动机风扇一级转子叶片进行了鸟撞击试验。通过对叶片的鸟撞击瞬态响应分析和撞击前后叶片叶型变化的分析,验证了风扇一级转子叶片的抗鸟撞击性能,为某型发动机风扇转子叶片的抗外物损伤设计提供了依据。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes

The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing ²⁰Ne/²²Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements.