直升机悬停及低速飞行阶段轴间耦合试飞技术

从试飞员角度出发，分析了直升机轴间耦合现象产生的原因，讨论了ADS-33D规范中有关轴间耦合问题的要求，提出了武装直升机轴间耦合试飞方法、数据处理方法、试飞驾驶技术要点以及试验过程中应注意的事项，可供从事武装直升机飞行试验的技术人员和试飞员参考。     

某发动机燃烧室外套寿命预测

对某发动机燃烧室外套进行了弹塑性有限元分析和低循环疲劳寿命预测。在发动机飞行包线的最大气动载荷下。计算了5个比较易出问题安装座附近的应力和应变,根据材料的应变-寿命曲线估算了其低循环疲劳寿命。结果表明,燃烧室外套的局部孔口和焊缝位置是易出问题的区域。     

氢氧全流量补燃循环发动机富燃预燃室试验

为了获得全流量补燃循环发动机的富燃预燃室可靠点火、稳定燃烧和均匀的出口燃气,对富燃预燃室头部喷注器排布方案展开了研究。对设计的中心燃烧区和环形燃烧区两种不同头部方案进行了试验,得到了富燃预燃室的压力曲线和预燃室出口的温度分布。试验结果表明:相比中心燃烧区结构方案,环形燃烧区结构方案更容易获得可靠的点火和稳定的燃烧,有更好的燃气均匀度。相比常规的富燃预燃室,全流量补燃循环发动机的富燃预燃室工作温度更低、混合比更小。相比使用液氧的方案,使用气氧的富燃预燃室在启动、关机过程更迅速、平稳。     

变循环发动机总体结构和模式转换机构研究

根据1种涡扇发动机的总体结构设计方案,围绕变循环特征的适应性进行了改进设计,给出了变循环发动机的总体结构初步方案,设计了模式转换原理及其结构实现方案;以其可调面积涵道引射器的设计为例,进行了模式转换机构运动仿真及其关键件的有限元分析,从机构运动和强度分析方面确定了该方案的可行性.     

叶片外物损伤容限设计的本质特点及设计准则的发展

通过对风扇/压气机叶片外物损伤及其失效特点的深入分析,认为叶片外物损伤容限设计的本质是考虑外物损伤影响的叶片振动应力设计.通过对国内外发动机设计规范和标准的分析和回顾,将外物损伤容限设计准则的发展分为3个阶段:①50年代初-60年代末,以外物损伤(FOD)的预防和维护为主;②70年代初-90年代末,等效为应力集中系数K_t≤3的缺口容限设计;③2000年以来,FOD的概率容限设计.最后对我国外物损伤容限设计的研究方向提出了建议.      

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes

The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing ²⁰Ne/²²Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements.     

层合板螺栓连接结构疲劳寿命预测

为了准确预测复合材料连接结构损伤的产生和扩展,基于单向板疲劳性能预测层合板螺栓连接结构疲劳寿命。用T300/BMP-316单向板试验数据对正则化疲劳寿命与剩余强度的参数进行拟合;在复合材料基体主控失效判据基础上增加纤维失效和分层失效判据,改进基于断裂韧性的失效准则判定损伤的产生和扩展;采用二级载荷疲劳寿命等效实现损伤的非线性累积,再对相应的损伤进行材料性能退化。预测结果与试验对比表明:对不同几何参数层合板连接结构的对数寿命预测与试验误差在5%以内,对不同应力水平下层合板连接结构的对数寿命预测与试验误差在10%以内,最终破坏模式及损伤区域的预测与试验结果吻合良好。     

变循环发动机双外涵匹配研究

针对带核心机驱动风扇的双外涵变循环发动机,提出了1种用于双外涵匹配分析的数值模拟方法。利用计算流体力学Fluent软件对其初步流路进行了研究及优化,在此基础上对双外涵模式流场、不同前涵道引射器状态下的单外涵模式流场进行分析。结果表明:第1外涵道的角度和流通面积对总压恢复系数的影响较大;在由双外涵模式转换到单外涵模式过程中,应将前可变面积涵道引射器开到最大以减小总压损失。该方法能够有效地应用于双外涵变循环发动机流路优化及双外涵匹配分析,为变循环技术的深入研究提供参考。     

基于飞参数据的航空发动机叶片故障分析

为查找某型航空发动机第5级转子叶片掉块连续集中爆发,严重影响飞行安全和外场使用故障的原因,从部队使用飞参数据入手,在明确其掉块故障机理的基础上,借助于数理统计开展该故障分析研究。发现长期以来所认为的叶片掉块故障很大程度上与发动机在放气带转速范围停留时间过长有关的结论不成立,该故障与发动机在某一特定转速区间范围的工作时间密切相关。为该型发动机第5级叶片掉块故障的综合治理提供了新思路。