大型航天器再入陨落时太阳翼气动力/热模拟分析

采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛（DSMC）方法对大型航天器离轨再入陨落过程中,其太阳翼帆板在稀薄过渡流域的气动力、气动热特性进行数值模拟,计算中采用流场直角与表面三角形非结构混合网格以及网格自适应技术处理这类复杂外形的流动模拟,考虑内能激发和化学反应来准确模拟气动加热,并基于MPI环境的并行算法解决计算量庞大的难题。通过计算分析太阳翼水平和垂直放置时在不同高度、不同攻角下的复杂流动特征,表明在90km以上高空,太阳翼垂直放置时,飞行器头部脱体激波与帆板脱体激波会产生更强烈、更复杂的激波/激波和激波/边界层的干扰,在气动力和气动热的双重作用下要比水平放置时的太阳翼更快地被撕裂并脱离目标航天器。     

临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器动导数特性及机理

为解决现有计算方法无法用于动导数机理分析的问题,通过理论推导得到了一组只需要较少总体气动参数的动导数计算公式。根据此计算公式进行的机理分析表明,临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器的大展弦比气动布局、高巡航升力系数对横航向动导数有直接影响。推导的动导数计算公式可用作此类飞行器动导数计算和分析的简便工具。     

极月轨道上太阳电池阵外热流规律分析

准确的月球表面温度分布模型对于开展月球探测具有重要意义. 目前有关月球表面温 度模型还缺乏对完整月球表面温度分布的计算方法研究. 本文建立了一套计算完整月球表面温度的方法, 其中月球阳面温度采用Racca模型直接计算得到; 对于月球阴面, 将其沿纬度方向划分为若干区域, 每个区域的地表土壤采用一维非稳态热传导模型, 根据嫦娥三号着陆器太阳电池阵在轨环月阶段的温度数据, 修正得到月球表面土壤导热系数、密度及比热容, 通过数值计算求解一维非稳态热传导方程, 得出任意时刻月球阴面表面温度随时间的变化. 嫦娥三号着陆器太阳电池阵环月阶段热分析结果与在轨温度符合较好, 初步说明本文建立的完整月球表面温度计算方法正确可行. 基于本文方法计算得到整个月球表面温度分布, 进一步研究了极月轨道太阳电池阵外热流变化规律.      

On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.     

一种基于太阳自转轴观测角的新型天文导航方法

针对太阳探测器,提出一种基于太阳自转轴观测角的新型天文导航方法,通过光谱仪测量太阳圆盘面边缘上两组连线互相垂直点的速度差值,建立速度差值与太阳自转轴观测角的数学模型,并以该观测角作为量测量来提供探测器的位置信息。仿真结果表明:相较于传统以太阳视方向作为量测量的导航方法,以太阳自转轴观测角作为量测量的新型天文导航方法的导航精度提高了17.4%。此外,还分析了测速敏感器精度、滤波周期和轨道倾角对导航性能的影响,为深空探测自主导航提供了新的理论与方法。     

An analytical model of prominence dynamics

Solar prominences are magnetic structures incarcerating cool and dense gas in an otherwise hot solar corona. Prominences can be categorized as quiescent and active. Their origin and the presence of cool gas ($～{10}^4$?K) within the hot ($～{10}^6\text{K}$) solar corona remains poorly understood. The structure and dynamics of solar prominences was investigated in a large number of observational and theoretical (both analytical and numerical) studies. In this paper, an analytic model of quiescent solar prominence is developed and used to demonstrate that the prominence velocity increases exponentially, which means that some gas falls downward towards the solar surface, and that Alfvén waves are naturally present in the solar prominences. These theoretical predictions are consistent with the current observational data of solar quiescent prominences.     

东方红三号卫星的机械太阳阵和通信天线

介绍了中德合作研制、生产东方红三号机械太阳阵和通信天线的有关技术和项目的进展情况。机械太阳阵的设计是在经过自行验证的技术基础上进行的,有了这些经验,加上计算机设计优化,能够满足苛刻的质量和刚度要求。通信天线的主要特点是收发共用和全极化复用。它是通过两套7喇叭馈源阵照射极化敏感反射器实现的。天线电性能和结构性能均满足技术要求。     

在强地磁活动期间热层大气成份和密度的变化

选用了１９７４－０７－０６,１９８２－０３－０２和１９８２－０９－０６三次强地磁活动时的Ａｐ值,由ＡＥ－Ｃ和ＤＥ－Ｂ卫星所测得的热层成份数据,进行统计分析,结果表明;在强地磁活动期间,热层大气密度涨落变化十分清晰、涨幅随高度增高而增大,高度６００ｋｍ附近涨幅可直达４倍,热层大气成份中Ｎ２的数密度涨幅最大,而原子氧的丰度在强地磁活动期间明显地下降。     

A novel method for multi-angle SAR image matching

Multi-angle synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image matching is very challenging, because the same object may cause different backscattering patterns, heavily depending on the radar incident angle. A technique based on the relations between the invariant positions of ground targets among the reference and sensed images is proposed to accommodate the nonmatching patterns. It involves a target extraction using wavelet coefficient fusion, as well as a geometric voting matching routine for searching the matched control points(CPs) in the reference and sensed images, respectively. To accelerate the speed of the search, a robust, rapidly corresponding CPs determination strategy is exploited by utilizing the global spatial transformation model, as well as a procedure of outlier removal to ensure the desired accuracy. Meanwhile, the positions of the matched point pairs are relocated using mutual information. The final warping of the images according to the CPs is performed by using a polynomial function. The results show the possibility of matching multi-angle SAR images in general cases.     

Optimization and analysis of winglet configuration for solar aircraft

Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft. This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft, aiming to enhance the corresponding uninterrupted cruising capability. An optimization objective function is formed and is separately studied in aerodynamic and structural terms. Qualitative analysis shows that the winglet design parameters are restricted by four special constraints (geometry, aerodynamics, energy and stability) of solar aircraft. The optimization process is constructed on the basis of a multi-island genetic algorithm, and carried out for a 15 m wingspan solar aircraft. Although the designed winglet is not as good as the traditional winglet in terms of drag and structural weight, the designed winglet provides a better 24 h cruising capability. The sensitivity between the objective function and the design parameters is investigated, and the winglet effects vary with respect to the wing aspect ratio (AR = 10, 15, 19.6). The effect of the constraints is analysed quantitatively, and some basic laws are obtained. Moreover, the feasible design region and the possible optimal design parameters of winglets for different wing configurations are explored. The calculation results show that when the aspect ratio exceeds a certain value, the winglets will not benefit the aircraft.