利用EMD方法提取太阳活动周期成分

EMD(经验模态分解)方法在处理非线性及非平稳时间序列时表现出了很大的优势和应用潜力.利用EMD方法研究太阳活动周期,对110年(1894-2003)和55年(1949-2003)的太阳黑子数月均值进行分解,分别得到一系列模式和一个趋势项,其中都可能包含有1.3至1.4年周期分量,25至30个月QBO(准双年振荡)分量,11年太阳周分量和22年Hale周分量.其中11年周期分量幅度最大,变化特征与太阳黑子数原始数据具有很高的相似性.不同于传统方法,EMD方法给出了太阳活动在不同时间尺度上各自分离的变化特征.      

异常SSC事件的行星际原因分析

磁暴急始(SSC)是强烈太阳风动压或行星际激波与磁层相互作用的结果.通常SSC事件的上升时间在4～10 min,我们把上升时间超过15 min的SSC事件称为异常SSC事件.本文利用地磁SYM-H指数鉴别出了5个有地磁观测历史以来发生的上升时间大于15 min的异常SSC事件,并利用Wind,ACE,IMP 8,Goes,Geotail多点卫星太阳风观测数据和地磁观测数据,分析了异常SSC事件的行星际原因.结果表明,异常SSC事件通常都是强烈行星际扰动引起的,5个异常SSC事件有4个对应于行星际激波,有3个对应于多步太阳风动压跃变,有1个对应于行星际电场大幅度变化;由行星际激波产生的异常SSC事件,其上升时间依赖于行星际激波的方向,方向相对于日地连线越偏,上升时间越长;异常SSC事件上升时间与行星际磁场方向关系不明显.      

Time-optimal trajectories to circumsolar space using solar electric propulsion

The aim of this paper is to explore the capabilities of a solar electric propelled spacecraft on a mission towards circumsolar space. Using an indirect approach, the paper investigates minimum time of transfer (direct) trajectories from an initial heliocentric parking orbit to a desired final heliocentric target orbit, with a low perihelion radius and a high orbital inclination. The simulation results are then collected into graphs and tables for a trade-off analysis of the main mission parameters. Finally, a comparison of the performance between a solar electric and a (photonic) solar sail based spacecraft is discussed.     

Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter

The remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the elemental abundances in the atmosphere-less planetary bodies. The experiment involves measuring spectra of fluorescent X-rays from lunar surface using a low energy X-ray detector onboard an orbiting satellite. Since the flux of fluorescent X-ray lines critically depend on the flux and spectrum of the incident solar X-rays, it is essential to have simultaneous and accurate measurement of X-ray from both Moon and Sun. In the context of Moon, this technique has been employed since early days of space exploration to determine elemental composition of lunar surface. However, so far it has not been possible to exploit it to its full potential due to various reasons. Therefore it is planned to continue the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on-board Chandrayaan-2 which includes both lunar X-ray observations and solar X-ray observations as two separate payloads. The lunar X-ray observations will be carried out by Chandra Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) experiment; whereas the solar X-ray observations will be carried out by a separate payload, Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM). Here we present the overall design of the XSM instrument, the present development status as well as preliminary results of the laboratory model testing. XSM instrument will have two packages namely – XSM sensor package and XSM electronics package. XSM will accurately measure spectrum of Solar X-rays in the energy range of 1–15 keV with energy resolution ∼200 eV @ 5.9 keV. This will be achieved by using state-of-the-art Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), which has a unique capability of maintaining high energy resolution at very high incident count rate expected from Solar X-rays. XSM onboard Chandrayaan-2 will be the first experiment to use such detector for Solar X-ray monitoring.     

一种新的SIFT匹配定位技术研究

在基于局部特征点匹配的目标定位系统中,匹配点和误匹配点数量的多少直接影响定位准确度。传统SIFT方法为保证匹配过程中有足够的匹配点数,通常选取较小的统计区域,特征点缺失了对周边区域的关联性,造成误匹配。为提高定位准确度,提出一种改进的SIFT特征描述子。在传统的SIFT局部特征描述子中引入PCA统计特征,在获得更高的正确匹配率的同时降低了错误匹配率。针对常用的SIFT误匹配滤除算法（NN法）滤除误匹配时需牺牲大量正确匹配,提出在NN法基础上,利用匹配特征点的坐标信息对误匹配进行二次滤除,进一步减少了误匹配。实验结果表明,定位算法的准确度优于传统方法。     

星载辐射计扫描镜太阳辐射热-结构建模与仿真

三轴稳定卫星平台搭载的光学有效载荷都存在午夜太阳辐射干扰问题,由此产生的热变形效应对光学系统的成像品质影响显著。采用复杂外热流近似建模技术,以及多软件耦合有限元仿真方法,以FY-4卫星的扫描辐射计为应用背景,研究了昼夜太阳辐射对星载辐射计扫描镜产生的热效应,并对不同热设计条件下的工况进行了对比分析。分析结果显示：扫描镜侧面及背面的热控涂层选取对其热变形有重要影响,但是仅仅通过热设计解决温度波动和热变形的矛盾是不够的,需要通过改进扫描镜的材料和优化光机结构加以改善。     

1998年10月18——-19日磁暴主相的行星际源分析

采用高时间分辨率的地磁指数SYM-H, 同时考虑日地连线引力平衡点(L1点)太阳风地磁效应的滞后性, 精确分析了1998年10月18---19日大磁暴主相的行星际源. 分析结果表明, 磁暴主相的行星际源仅为行星际激波和行星际日冕物质抛射之间的太阳风(Sheath), 磁云对磁暴主相没有贡献. 这个磁暴事例的研究表明, 行星际磁场南向分量与太阳风动压的乘积是影响磁暴主相发展的关键参数.      

月球表面太空风化作用及其效应

太空风化作用普遍发生在月球、小行星等一些无大气层的天体表面, 主要包括太阳风离子辐射和微陨石撞击等作用. 通过对真实月球样品太空风化作用的研究成果以及低能离子和激光照射等地面模拟实验结果的系统综述和分析, 重点分析了月壤颗粒中非晶质层和纳米铁的成因, 指出太空风化研究中存在的太阳风离子辐射和微陨石撞击贡献难以区分及模拟实验模拟效果尚不充分的问题.进而提出月球太空风化研究不能简单套用其他天体的模型, 并建议未来开展更多月球和陨石样品的精细化学分析.      

The onset of sunspot cycle 24 and galactic cosmic ray modulation

The annual mean sunspot number (SSN) has a minimum value in 2008, while the monthly mean SSN has a value of zero in August 2009. The galactic cosmic ray modulation for cycle 24 began at earth orbit in January 2010. We study the onset characteristics of the new modulation cycle using data from the global network of neutron monitors. They respond to time variations in different segments of the galactic cosmic ray rigidity spectrum. The corresponding temporal variations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity (B) and solar wind velocity (V) as well as the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet are also studied. There is a lag of 3 months between a large, sharp increase of the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet and the onset of modulation. Some neutron monitors are undergoing long-term drifts of unknown origin.