Relationships between soil properties of the abandoned fields and spectral data derived from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER)

The structural transformation of Polish agriculture after 1989 has been leading to significant changes in land use. As a result a large part of formerly ploughed fields lies abandoned and they occur across considerable variability in soil typological units. Accurate information about soil conditions within the abandoned fields facilitates proper management in the new socio-economic situation. Such information can be collected using satellite images since the structure and condition of the vegetation growing on the abandoned fields reflects soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between physical and chemical attributes of soil within the abandoned fields and spectral reflectance patterns recorded by ASTER sensors onboard Terra Satellite. Soil samples were collected at five abandoned fields which have not been ploughed since 2000 and analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and chemical properties. Nine ASTER nearly cloud-free pictures were used for this study in order to derive the remote-sensing attributes of the abandoned fields. In order to evaluate the relationships between soil fertility and remotely sensed data, partial least-squares (PLS) and a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis between these two datasets were carried out. In the regression analysis, only soil TEB (total exchangeable bases) stock in the whole profile displayed the highest correlation with remotely sensed data acquired in April and May and the best predictors were NDVI and LSWI vegetation indices.     

Microwave specular scattering response of soil texture at X-band

Soil texture is an important soil parameter that is useful for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, ecology, etc. Therefore, it is important to classify soil based on soil texture (i.e., sand, silt and clay). A lot of studies with radar remote sensing have been carried out to estimate soil moisture and surface roughness, but less attention has been given to study the effect of individual soil texture on radar scattering, especially in specular direction. The main aim of this paper is to check the behavior of specular scattering with change in soil texture. This effect has also been analyzed in presence of soil moisture and surface roughness. Scattering coefficient has been retrieved for various soil texture fields with indigenously designed X-band bistatic scatterometer for a range of incidence angles (from 30° to 70° in steps of 10°) in both like polarizations, i.e., HH-polarization and VV-polarization. Observations were made at 10 GHz frequency. Four different fields were considered on the basis of soil texture variations; especially changes in sand percentage were made. Roughness (smooth soil to 1.4 cm rms surface height) and moisture (dry soil to 0.21 cm³ cm⁻³ volumetric soil moisture) conditions of these fields were varied for observations. Strong change in specular scattering coefficient is observed by changing the sand percentage in soil for HH-polarization, while in case of VV-polarization a lesser change is observed. Also a high change in specular scattering coefficient is noticed once moisture is added to the soil. It is difficult to observe the change in specular scattering coefficient with change in soil texture when surface is considered as rough. Therefore, it is important to minimize the roughness effect while observing the texture with specular scattering. For this purpose, polarization study was carried out to see how polarization can be helpful to minimize the roughness effect. The effect of soil texture on copolarization ratio is critically analyzed, and it is observed that for higher incidence angle (50°), the distinction in soil texture fields are clearly observable on the basis of copolarization ratio. This type of study will be helpful in near future to design the bistatic radar system for soil parameter monitoring, especially for cartwheel satellite system.     

虚拟仪器和神经网络在粮食水分检测中的应用

在粮食水分检测过程中,水分含量受温度的影响很大,本文详细叙述了利用神经网络的算法在虚拟仪器软件中减小温度对粮食水分测量的影响,实现温度对水分测量的补偿。采用电容式传感器和温度传感器经过信号的调理电路输出标准电信号直接输入NI数据采集器,通过数据采集器把水分和温度电压值送入计算机,然后采用神经网络的算法,减小温度对水分测量结果的影响,从而实现虚拟仪器的温度补偿功能。     

氩气回路中微量水分的测量

在快中子反应堆的气体回路上,用露点仪测量了快堆几个覆盖气体系统氩气中杂质水分的含量.测量时,通过将露点仪的探头从干燥器中拔出,使露点仪的本底升高1～5μL/L后再进行测量,可以较快地得到测量结果,对于测量水分含量小于15μL/L的氩气,这是方便、可行的方法.     

多孔介质传热传湿过程多层不连续问题的数值分析

提出了一种基于有限体积法预测非线性边界条件下多层多孔介质内的传热传湿过程的数值分析方法。求解过程中考虑了瞬态边界条件，从而避免了通常处理中边界条件设定为常数而给计算带来的误差，对于多层多孔介质每一层物性参数的非连续性，采用了有效的有限差分逼近处理。利用该处理对典型的三层墙体层与层界面处相对湿度的瞬态值进行了预测，计算结果与Liesen R J等的传递函数求解方法符合很好。     

基于车载微波辐射计的地面观测试验方法

微波遥感具有全天时全天候的优点,并对云雾、雨雪和植被等有一定的穿透能力。地基微波辐射计以机动灵活的方式接收地表在微波波段的电磁辐射特性,被广泛用于土壤水分、冻融过程等微波遥感定量试验中。以车载多通道双极化微波辐射计(RPG-6CH-DP)为例,针对不同植被覆盖地表,在内蒙古多伦地区开展了为期3个月的野外观测试验,获得了L(1.4GHz)、C(6.925GHz)、X(10.65GHz)三个频率下的极化亮温观测数据。结果发现,L波段对植被的穿透能力最强,对土壤水分变化最敏感。微波辐射计观测地物的方位角、入射角均对观测亮温有直接影响。这为解译地物微波辐射传输过程及其相互作用机理、各种理论模型的发展和验证、地表参数反演算法的改进,以及相关地球观测卫星计划的载荷方案论证奠定了基础。     

An efficient analytical homogenization technique for mechanical-hygrothermal responses of unidirectional composites with applications to optimization and multiscale analyses

The elasticity-based Locally Exact Homogenization Theory (LEHT) is extended to study the mechanical-hygrothermal behaviors of unidirectionally-reinforced composites. Based on the framework developed previously, thermal and moisture effects are incorporated into the LEHT to study the homogenized and localized responses of heterogeneous materials, which are validated using available analytical and numerical techniques. The LEHT programs are then encapsulated as subroutines with Input/Output (I/O) interfaces, to be readily applied in different computational scenarios. In order to illustrate the efficiency of the LEHT, the theory is firstly coupled to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in order to minimize the axial thermal expansion mismatch in hexagonal and square fiber arrays by tailoring the fiber volume fraction. The LEHT is then implemented into the lamination theory to study fabrication-induced residual stresses arising during the cool-down process which introduces local laminate stresses owing to thermo-mechanical property mismatch between plies. Both of these applications illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the LEHT in generating effective properties and local stress distributions, making the theory a golden standard in validating other analytical or numerical techniques as well as a reliable tool in composite design and practice for professionals and non-professionals alike.     

"中国湿度网"的建设

介绍了"中国湿度网"的建设内容以及未来的发展方向.     

冷却塔防水涂料的研制

根据电厂冷却塔内壁涂料防水防潮性能的特殊要求，综合考虑经济性和工艺性，研制了一种高性能的苯乙烯－丙烯酸酯防水涂料，在研制过程中，根据苯－丙涂料的乳液聚合机理，优选了乳液聚合的单体和对应的乳化剂，引发剂等添加剂的配方以及合成路线，经过反复筛选，确定了具有低成本，高性能的组分配方和合理的工艺路线，解决了涂料乳液聚合中新型高效助剂的关键技术，除用于电厂冷却内壁外，还可以广泛用于其他防水设备和设施。     

卡尔·费休库仑法水分测量技术及其应用研究

运用卡尔·费休库仑法,对日本三菱公司的CA-06水分测定仪不能直接检测的固体、油品和气体中水分含量进行检测技术研究.组建了固体、油品及气体水分检测系统,试验验证检测结果准确、可信,使CA-06水分测定仪应用范围得以拓宽.将建立的检测技术应用到泡沫材料、气相白碳黑、桂树脂及高纯氢气中的水分含量检测,均获得了较好的检测结果.