Comment: On the different approaches of Rayleigh optical depth determination

Srivastava et al. (2009) presented Rayleigh scattering cross-sections and optical depths for Earth’s atmosphere that are approximately 3% smaller than previously accepted. Their analysis was based on quantum-mechanical theory for anisotropic scattering in the Cabannes line published in papers that seem to have introduced some confusion about determining the anisotropy and King factors. This comment clarifies these factors and shows that including the frequency-shifted rotational Raman lines gives the traditional King factor and the correct Rayleigh scattering for the optical depth.     

Satellite derived aerosol optical depth climatology over Bangalore,India

Climatological aerosol optical depths (AOD) over Bangalore, India have been examined to bring out the temporal heterogeneity in columnar aerosol characteristics. AOD values at 550 nm derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, for the period of 2002–2011 have been analyzed (independently) for the purpose. Frequency distributions of the AOD values are examined to infer the monthly mean values. Monthly and seasonal variations of AOD are investigated in the light of regional synoptic meteorology. Climatological monthly and seasonal mean Terra and Aqua AOD values exhibited similar temporal variation patterns. Monthly mean AOD values increased from January, peaks during May and thereafter (except for a secondary peak during July) fall off to reach a minimum during December. Monsoon season recorded the highest climatological seasonal mean AOD, while winter season recorded the lowest. AOD values show an overall increasing trend on a yearly basis, which was found mainly due to sustained increase in the seasonal averaged AOD during summer. The results obtained in the present study are compared with that of the earlier studies over the same location and also with AOD over various other Indian locations. Finally, the radiative and climatic impacts are discussed.     

影响冷硬铸铁轧辊白口层深度主要因素的回归分析

本文探讨了影响冷硬铸铁轧辊白口层深度的主要因素，运用数理统计回归分析方法对大量原始生产数值进行处理，求得生产条件下冷硬铸铁轧辊白口层深度与主要工艺参数之间的线性关系，并进行了理论分析。     

Primary mass discrimination of high energy cosmic rays using PNN and k-NN methods

Probabilistic neural network (PNN) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) methods are widely used data classification techniques. In this paper, these two methods have been used to classify the Extensive Air Shower (EAS) data sets which were simulated using the CORSIKA code for three primary cosmic rays. The primaries are proton, oxygen and iron nuclei at energies of 100?TeV–10?PeV. This study is performed in the following of the investigations into the primary cosmic ray mass sensitive observables. We propose a new approach for measuring the mass sensitive observables of EAS in order to improve the primary mass separation. In this work, the EAS observables measurement has performed locally instead of total measurements. Also the relationships between the included number of observables in the classification methods and the prediction accuracy have been investigated. We have shown that the local measurements and inclusion of more mass sensitive observables in the classification processes can improve the classifying quality and also we have shown that muons and electrons energy density can be considered as primary mass sensitive observables in primary mass classification. Also it must be noted that this study is performed for Tehran observation level without considering the details of any certain EAS detection array.     

吸收剂颗粒尺寸对吸波材料性能的影响

对最佳的吸收剂颗粒粒度进行数值计算和分析。从趋肤效应和单个磁畴颗粒大小两个角度,以纯铁粉为例对最佳的粒度做了分析,结果表明,对于2~18 GHz的雷达波,铁粉颗粒在16 nm~1μm为好。还分析了利用纳米颗粒的量子尺寸效应来吸收电磁波时颗粒的尺寸范围,计算结果表明,此时颗粒尺寸至少应小于22 nm。     

变深度水下发射系统内弹道实验研究

利用变深度水下发射模拟实验装置开展了变发射深度和发射速度条件下导弹发射系统内弹道研究。建立了描述缩比模型弹在发射筒内运动规律的简化模型,并提出了基于实验结果的运动方程求解方法。通过实验结果分析获得了模型弹的运动摩擦系数和发射速度,并利用高速摄影测量结果对获得的发射速度进行了验证。建立了运动摩擦系数和发射速度的数值拟合关系。结果表明,运动摩擦系数与发射速度呈反向变化规律,并且存在影响运动摩擦系数变化速率的临界发射速度,当发射速度小于临界值时运动摩擦系数变化剧烈,发射速度临界值为18～20 m/s。     

机器人在轨装配无标定视觉伺服对准方法

针对在轨装配过程中机器人"手眼"关系无法进行有效标定及机器人系统和被操作物惯性参数不定的情况,在传统的无标定视觉伺服基础上设计了深度估计器,基于机器人和图像运动的测量数据在线估计目标特征的深度值,并在机器人关节控制环中设计滑模控制器实时控制机器人关节运动,根据反馈图像信息纠正系统误差完成对准跟踪,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。所提的无标定视觉伺服对准方法使机器人在装配过程中免去了复杂的"手眼"关系的标定程序,克服了机器人系统及被操作物惯性参数不确定性给装配精度造成的影响,提高了"手眼协调"的鲁棒性,保证机器人能够在复杂的太空环境下完成在轨装配任务。     

基于联立框架的轨迹优化算法

为了更好解决复杂多约束下的在线轨迹优化问题,研究了一种基于联立求解框架进行轨迹优化的算法。此方法是一种直接法,先利用有限元正交配置法将状态和控制变量同时离散化,然后使用内点算法对离散得到的非线性命题进行求解。从平衡解的精度和计算代价的角度出发,引入了针对内点算法的收敛深度控制策略来改进方法的快速收敛性。最后,以某航天器月面上升段最优入轨任务为算例,验证了算法的精度和快速收敛性。     

基于飞行时间的三维成像研究进展和发展趋势

随着数字成像技术的发展,三维成像已被应用在许多领域中,如自动驾驶汽车、机器人和生物医学成像。基于飞行时间(Time of Flight, TOF)的三维成像相机在记录强度和深度信息的同时,在成像速率、功耗、体积等方面有突出的优势,这也使得TOF相机在诸如计算机图形、机器视觉、机器人控制中的应用越来越多。介绍了TOF相机的发展情况,详细分析了TOF相机的成像原理、误差来源,总结了当前基于TOF相机的研究及应用情况,最后阐述了TOF相机的发展趋势。     

航空发动机持续适航文件中的维修间隔研究

投入运行的航空发动机主要通过定期维修保持其固有可靠性水平。持续适航文件是以定期维修的维修间隔为核心对维修深度提出要求的法律条款,其中的维修概念与维护手册中的存在差异有待区分;而且手册中只给出维修间隔的具体数值并无其他说明,需要对持续适航文件中的维修间隔进行分析。通过对适航规章的分析揭示了维修间隔的本质,采用定性分析的方法研究了持续适航文件中的维修概念和维修间隔,为航空发动机提供了修正维修间隔的理论依据。