X-ray observations of black-hole accretion disks

Our current theoretical and observational understandings of the accretion disks around Galactic black-holes are reviewed. Historically, a simple phenomenological accretion disk model has been used to interpret X-ray observations. Although such a phenomenological interpretation is still useful, high quality X-ray data from contemporary instruments allow us to test more realistic accretion disk models. In a simple and ideal case, the standard optically thick accretion disk model is successful to explain observations, such that the inner disk radius is constant at three times the Schwarzschild radius over large luminosity variations. However, when disk luminosity is close to or exceeds the Eddington luminosity, the standard disk model breaks, and we have to consider the “slim disk” solution in which radial energy advection is dominant. Recent observations of Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), which may not be explained by the standard disk model, strongly suggest the slim disk solution. We compare theoretical X-ray spectra from the slim disk with observed X-ray spectra of ULXs. We have found that the slim disk model is successful to explain ULX spectra, in terms of the massive stellar black-holes with several tens of solar mass and the super-Eddington mass accretion rates. In order to explain the large luminosities (>10⁴⁰ ergs s⁻¹) of ULXs, “intermediate black-holes” (>100M) are not required. Slim disks around massive stellar black-holes of up to several tens of solar mass would naturally explain the observed properties of ULXs.     

飞行仿真转台基于干扰观测器的鲁棒跟踪控制

对三轴飞行仿真转台系统,提出一种基于干扰观测器的鲁棒数字跟踪控制器的设计综合方法.该控制器由前馈控制器、闭环控制器及摩擦补偿环节组成.前馈环节由零相差跟踪控制器ZPETC (Zero Phase Error Tracking Controller)及FIR滤波器构成,闭环由比例微分(PD)控制及干扰观测器构成,摩擦补偿采用基于库仑模型的固定补偿方法.实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高跟踪性能,并且对系统参数变化和力矩扰动具有很强的鲁棒性.     

高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器设计与实现

介绍了高动态GPS信号模拟器的设计原理和组成,阐述了设计中的关键技术,并给出了软件和硬件实现方案。其中软件部分采用V isual Basic 6.0和V isual C 完成,硬件信号处理板采用FPGA完成,通过高速的计算机并口实现了软硬件之间通信。此系统被成功的应用到了卫星导航定位系统的研发过程中,工作性能稳定,具有了模拟器的基本功能,为验证接收机的定位性能、信号跟踪和捕获性能等提供了一个逼真的高动态信号环境。     

AWGN信道中二维扩展频谱系统的误码率分析

首先对时域、频域二维扩展频谱系统作了简要介绍，与传统的DS-CDMA系统相比，其主要区别是将经时域扩频后的信号复制成多个并行分支，在频域用一组正交的扩频码进行第二次扩频。该系统能更有效地利用传输带宽．实现频率分集，并且由于是二维扩频，所以该系统有更强的多址能力。然后，本文对多载波二维码分多址系统的接收机和发射机进行了较为详细的数学分析，给出了二维扩展频谱系统的工作原理，并且在假设系统完全同步的情况下，推导出了在加性白高斯噪声(AWGN)信道中二维扩展频谱系统的误码率表达式，并给出了相应的误码率特性曲线。     

几种Turbo码交织器的性能分析

Turbo码的出现揭开了编码领域的新篇章。Turbo码中使用的交织器对码的性能有很大的影响。使用 Mat-lab工具 ,通过仿真比较了 Turbo码的几种交织器在不同交织深度时对 Turbo码性能的影响 ,说明 Turbo码交织器设计中的两个准则 ,并验证了这些准则的有效性。分析比较 SP交织器的性能 ,提出在交织器的设计中应将目标放在获得最好的性能上     

一种PCM遥测可变帧结构系统的实现

介绍采用逻辑电路实现的 PCM遥测可变帧结构系统的控制电路 ,分析 PCM遥测数据帧格式的特点 ,详细叙述该系统的组成和工作原理。该系统可应用于实验教学和特殊遥测系统中。     

Two-spacecraft observations of reconnection at the magnetopause: Model results and data comparison

We revisit an example of “quasi-steady” magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause on February 11, 1998, observed by Equator-S and Geotail at the dawnside magnetopause. Phan et al. [Phan, T.D. et al., 2000. Extended magnetic reconnection at the Earth’s magnetopause from detection of bi-directional jets. Nature 404, 848–850.] reported oppositely directed jets at these spacecrafts and inferred a length of the reconnection line of about 38R_E. Pinnock et al. [Pinnock, M., Chisham, G., Coleman, I.J., Freeman, M.P., Hairston, M., Villain, J.-P., 2003. The location and rate of dayside reconnection during an interval of southward interplanetary magnetic field. Ann. Geophys. 21, 1467–1482.] used measurements from SuperDARN radars to show that the reconnection electric field was variable. Here we complement this work by obtaining snapshots of the reconnection electric field from the in situ observations. To do this, we apply a reconstruction method based on a model of compressible Petschek-type magnetic reconnection. This independent method uses magnetic field observations as input data to calculate the reconnection electric field. We obtain average values of E_rec in the range of 0.4–2.4 mV/m. Further we infer a distance perpendicular to the reconnection line of 0.4–0.6R_E. The model results are compared with the two studies mentioned above. It thus appears that while the transfer of momentum for this event is indeed large-scale, the actual rate depends on the time it is measured.     

论消费者撤回权及其制度重构

考虑到合同法上传统的救济制度在保护消费者利益方面的不足，通过立法的方式赋予消费者在特定的消费合同领域以撤回权，理应成为我国未来有关消费者保护立法上的必然选择。本文参照德国《民法典》关于消费者撤回权的规定并结合我国现有立法关于消费者撤回权的规定，对如何完善以及构建适合我国国情的消费者撤回权制度提出了自己的一些看法。     

Distinguishing features of CCD astrometry of faint GEO objects

The problem of initial reduction of CCD observations of faint GEO objects is studied. Several difficulties and questions arising in connection with image processing for this kind of observations are mentioned. A natural way to apply the PSF fitting technique to line-shaped trails of stars or GEO objects is described and illustrated by its implementation in the Apex II astronomical image processing package. Logical filtering technique to improve the automatic object detection is proposed. These rather convenient and versatile methods can increase astrometric and, to a lesser degree, photometric accuracy of faint GEO object observations.