智能量仪的发展动向和对策

文章分析了国内外量仪发展的趋势,指出创新量仪传感器和提高测量系统智能化是智能量仪发展的两个动向,提出发展PCI、SCI、ASIC和RFM做为振兴我国智能量仪的对策。     

测角技术国内外发展概况

叙述了国内外近年来角度测量技术最新发展动态。以列表的形式给出了各种测角技术的技术指标，表中给出的技术指标是指目前同类测角仪的最高水平。将测角技术（测角传感器）分为三大类，即机械式、光学式、电磁式，并在每一大类中又进行了详细分类。在每类测角技术（测角传感器）中，重点叙述了各种测角技术近年来的发展情况，包括技术特点、达到的技术指标。以同类型测角技术的国内发展情况作了对比叙述。给出了有关参考文献供读者参阅。     

Real-time sensor fault detection and isolation for LEO satellite attitude estimation through magnetometer data

Attitude estimation is a critical component of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) of any satellite. It is used to convert the sensor observation data to an estimated attitude using filtering algorithms. However, in the presence of sensor faults, the ADCS fails to achieve the desired attitude accuracy. In this paper, the Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter (FTEKF) is proposed to handle this imperfection. In accordance, various filtering steps are included in the FTEKF design to enhance both attitude estimation and sensor fault detection. The developed algorithm can detect and isolate any unexpected sensor faults in real time, which provides a reliable attitude estimation. A comparative study with the classical and robust Kalman filters is performed through numerical simulations in order to validate the effectiveness of the adopted filter in case of magnetometer fault data.     

A novel wireless light sensing device for planetary and astronomical observations

A novel and versatile wireless light sensing device has been designed and tested for stellar and planetary photometric observations. The device weighing few 10 s of grams finds a number of potential applications in the fields of astronomy and in situ planetary exploration. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using a number of these devices has been deployed to successfully carry out simultaneous photometric observations under different conditions viz. sunlight, twilight, moonlight etc. Observation of a star of known magnitude for flux calibration at low intensity has been carried out by coupling the device to a 1.2 m telescope which demonstrates its sensitivity. A WSN using these devices is further capable of spatio-temporal investigations of sky background intensities. Such a network can also be used to effectively monitor certain astronomical events (lunar eclipse, asteroid occultation etc.) simultaneously from several locations. The capability of the device, level of miniaturization and its versatility makes it a potential tool for many photometric applications.     

YH-98图像敏感式精密露点仪

介绍了图象敏感式露点仪的系统原理、软硬件构成及关键技术。该仪器经国家权威机构检定和若干单位试用，均证明其性能价格比高，推广前景广阔。     

空间智能桁架作动器/传感器位置优化中的遗传算法应用

研究了空间智能桁架振动控制中的作动器／传感器位置优化问题。在对作动器／传感器进行动力学建模的基础上，推导出整个空间桁架机电耦合作动方程和传感方程。基于作动效率和观测效率，提出了不依赖于控制方法的位置优化准则，采用遗传算法对作动器／传感器位置进行了优化。最后针对空间智能桁架进行了位置优化仿真和模糊振动控制仿真，仿真结果验证了遗传算法优化此类问题的优越性、可信性。     

传感器在卫星飞轮中的应用与发展

分析了传感器作为卫星飞轮关键部件的作用和对飞轮整体电性能的影响。介绍了飞轮中传感器的常用类型和工作原理，以及相应的应用情况和典型产品的性能。     

编队飞行航天器测量通信一体化系统的交互链路技术

实现航天编队飞行需要有测量系统测定队列成员的相对位置、姿态和时间,还需要通信系统在编队成员间交换工程数据和科学实验数据。测量系统和通信系统都是实现航天编队飞行的核心技术。基于卫星导航技术,将卫星导航接收机、伪卫星发射机、伪码扩频序列通信和测距链路及相关数据处理模块组合,组成射频收发器,可以构成完成上述功能的测量和通信一体化系统。文中根据国外已有的实践经验阐明射频收发器设计中的交互链路设计技术,包括关于链路拓扑的考虑是采用星形网络还是网形网络;采用相控阵波束形成、分路多路径接收和多用户检测技术;采用半双工码分多址的多路传输体制和打包的信号结构;既可用兼用GPS和交互链路的相对导航,也可只用交互链路测距实现相对定位导航;在编队内外的星间通信乃至星地通信中引入移动IP功能等。航天器本身必须具备适应空间环境的耐辐射能力。     

空间交会对接光学敏感器测量的实验研究

光学敏感器通常用作空间交会对接最后阶段的测量敏感器。本文研究了光学成像敏感器的测量方法，并在此基础上进行了物理仿真实验。实验结果表明，当距离为１ｍ左右对直径４０ｃｍ的目标模拟器进行测量时．位置测量精度优于１ｍｍ，姿态测量精度优于０．４°。     

机载SAR运动补偿传感器研究

提出一种不依赖于机载主惯导的运动传感器方案——基于GNSS／SINS的组合运动信息系统。即在SAR成像期间输出以纯惯性为主的信息以保证较高的相对定位精度，供SAR成像补偿；同时，GNSS／SINS的组合保证了长时间的绝对定位精度。介绍了这种运动传感器的原理、数学模型、工作流程控制。实验结果表明，基于GNSS／SINS的运动传感器具有很高的精度，完全满足了SAR成像的精度要求，特别适合于没有机载主惯导或主惯导精度较低的情况。