航空航天智能材料与智能结构研究进展

智能材料作为新兴多功能材料,能够实现结构功能化、功能多样化。智能结构是在结构中集成智能材料作为传感器和驱动器,使结构除了具有承载、传力、连接等功能外,还具有自感知、自诊断、自驱动、自修复等能力,以更好地适应外界环境的变化,可显著提升航空航天架构的性能。目前智能材料与智能结构已成为航空航天架构减重增效研究的重点。根据国内外智能材料和结构的研究进展,综述了压电材料、铁磁材料、形状记忆材料、智能复合材料等智能材料的发展;讨论了智能结构的研究及应用前景,包括自诊断智能结构、自修复智能结构和减振降噪智能结构;最后,指出了智能材料与结构当前面临的一些挑战性问题,展望了其在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

Linux 2．6内存保护机制研究

基于Intel i386平台处理器和Linux 2.6内核源代码,从硬件内存保护和虚拟内存保护两个方面分析了最新的Linux内存保护机制,其中硬件内存保护机制包括段式映射阶段的访问控制、页式映射阶段的访问控制以及最新内存保护NX(No eXecute)技术,虚拟内存保护机制包括虚拟区间保护、虚拟区间加锁和Hole技术.最后进一步讨论了增强Linux内存保护的方案.     

基于热电制冷技术的某星载相机焦面组件热设计

热电制冷(Thermo-Electric Cooling,TEC)技术是利用帕尔帖效应的一种制冷方法,它不需要任何工质,无活动部件,结构简单,非常适宜于微型制冷领域或有特殊要求的场合.文章将TEC技术应用于某星载相机焦面组件的热设计,解决了探测器恒温控制问题.仿真分析结果表明,基于TEC技术的热设计方案在满足探测器恒温...     

Rats in a transparent morris water maze use elemental and configural geometry of landmarks as well as distance to the pool wall

The aim of this study is to evaluate whatare the dimensions of a panorama of discretelandmarks that a rodent will store in order toreturn to a previously visited target. Ratswere trained to locate a hidden platform in acircular pool of clouded water set within aquasi-spherical enclosure. In order to find theplatform, they had to learn the geometricrelations between the platform and asurrounding set of three discrete landmarks,highly visible through the transparent wall ofthe pool. In test trials without a platform,the array of landmarks was so manipulated as todissociate the effect of actual distance to thelandmarks, of their angular separation, and oftheir apparent dimension. Animals were shown torely equally on angular separation and apparentdimension. The role of actual distance couldnot be definitely ascertained, as animals wereshown to additionally rely on the distance tothe pool wall in order to locate theplatform.     

A systematic spatial bias in remembering eye positions

Categorical bias in location memory in geometric spaces is well established. The present study assessed the presence of the bias in locating eyes in images of human faces. Participants were presented with digital faces and indicated the position of one of the eyes in both upright and inverted orientations. Biases resulted from participants using multiple sources of accessible information. No differences were found for upright vs. inverted face images. Overall, the data were consistent with the retrieval category adjustment model. These distortions may be considered within the forensic context, when eyewitnesses work with a sketch artist or use a computer program to generate an image of the culprit.     

电离总剂量效应对浮栅型Flash存储器擦写耐久与数据保持特性的影响研究

文章通过电离总剂量效应、擦写循环和数据保持试验及其叠加试验,研究了总剂量效应对浮栅型Flash存储器擦写耐久和数据保持特性的影响。对较高总剂量（150 krad(Si)）和含动态偏置在内的多种偏置条件进行了评估。结果表明：总剂量效应对擦写特性的影响较小,甚至可以忽略;总剂量效应对数据保持的影响主要表现在辐射致电荷泄漏,若总剂量效应试验后刷新数据,则其影响几乎可以忽略。为了减小辐射致电荷泄漏对数据保持的影响,在系统级应用上建议增加数据刷新次数。     

一种高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹智能预测方法

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器(Hypersonic glide vehicle, HGV)机动性强、轨迹预测困难的问题,选取气动加速度作为预测参数,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解和注意力长短时记忆网络的HGV轨迹智能预测方法。首先,以HGV六自由度运动方程为基础,分析了其机动特性和气动力变化规律,建立了动力学跟踪模型,对气动加速度进行实时估计;其次,利用集合经验模态分解对估计的气动加速度进行分解和重构,减弱噪声影响,避免对预测模型的干扰;最后,利用去噪后的气动加速度数据对注意力长短时记忆网络进行训练,进而预测未来气动加速度数据并重构HGV未来轨迹,实现轨迹的在线预测。实验仿真表明,该方法能有效预测HGV机动轨迹,预测精度高、稳定性好。     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

超高温度梯度定向凝固NiMnFeGa磁致形状记忆合金

利用超高温度梯度定向凝固装置制备出定向Ni51.2Mn20.0Fe13.0Ga15.8磁致形状记忆合金.沿晶体生长方向凝固组织由等轴晶逐渐过渡为柱状晶,马氏体变体取向性明显,γ相愈加细小,分布愈加均匀.Ni51.2Mn20.0-Fe13.0Ga15.8合金在加热和冷却过程中发生热致马氏体相变及逆相变,马氏体相变温度Ms＝121.3℃,Mf＝99.3℃,As＝118℃,Af＝147℃.     

双向联想记忆集成

由多个尽可能多样化的分类器(前馈神经网络)组成的多分类器系统(MCS)能够显著地提高单个分类器的分类或推广能力.受MCS基本思想的启发,将集成引入到双向联想记忆快速学习(QLBAM)中,构建出一个BAM集成,旨在提高存储容量和纠错性能的同时,不破坏每个成员BAM的简单结构.计算机仿真表明,选择合适的"过剩生产与挑选并存"策略,即"稀疏算法"后,所提出的BAM集成在存储容量和抗噪声性能两个方面都显著优于单个QLBAM.