150kV逆变电源性能优化及其束源特性

为了进一步提高电子束流发生系统工作的可靠性和稳定性,提高电子束加工质量,采用AC-DC-AC-DC-AC-DC的拓扑电路、新型功率变压器、高压脉冲检测技术、优化的束流反馈控制与灯丝加热电流闭环反馈控制技术等,分别优化了高压加速电源、偏压电源与灯丝加热电源。将所研制逆变电源与150 k V/30 k W电子枪、真空系统等组成了一套电子束流发生系统,测试了该电子束流发生系统输出的高压、最大束流以及灯丝加热电流、偏压变化对束流输出的影响。试验结果表明:经过优化的逆变电源高压输出达到-150 k V,高压输出线性度较好,最大束流达到200 m A;高压、灯丝加热电流给定时,随着偏压降低,束流输出逐渐增大;高压、偏压给定时,随着灯丝加热电流增大,束流输出存在死区、线性增大区和恒流区。     

Assessment of the NeQuick model at mid-latitudes using GNSS TEC and ionosonde data

The modelling of the total electron content (TEC) plays an important role in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) accuracy, especially for single-frequency receivers, the most common ones constituting the mass market. For the latter and in the framework of Galileo, the NeQuick model has been chosen for correcting the ionospheric error contribution and will be integrated into a global algorithm providing the users with daily updated information.     

工质温度对二次喷射推力矢量性能的影响

为了研究二次流温度对推力矢量的影响规律,本文基于二次喷射的基本原理,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件,对不同温度的二次流进行了模拟仿真分析。结果表明,在相同喷射压强和喷射流量下,二次流温度越高,在扩张段影响的范围就越大,但产生的侧向力和温度并不是简单的正变关系。在此分析的基础上,提出了一种合理利用二次流温度的工程方案。
     

离子发动机羽流空间电位诊断

离子发动机羽流空间电位分布不合理可能会造成一系列问题,以至于影响航天器的正常工作。试验使用发射探针对20 cm氙离子发动机束流区等离子体空间电位进行诊断,测点选取轴向距离发动机出口平面250～900 mm,径向0～450 mm,探针钨丝直径0.1 mm,加热电流1.5～2.5 A。发射探针诊断建立在电子热发射基础上,因其I-V曲线拐点较朗缪尔探针更为明显,所以测量得到的空间电位分布更为准确。国外已经广泛使用发射探针测量等离子体空间电位,发射探针的试验数据处理方法仍存在较大分歧。从发射探针工作时的物理过程着手,分析热电子发射多少对空间电位诊断结果的影响,采用不同的探针I-V曲线处理方法并对各种方法利弊进行讨论,分析偏离真实空间电位的原因,比较得到较为合理的结果,对发射探针的结构改造和加热电流的选取提供依据,为发动机性能的改善和羽流仿真模型提供参考。     

超声电喷推进机理研究

超声电喷推进是一种新型的电推进技术,主要用于解决胶体推力器等电推力器发射点集成困难、发射点数密度低的问题。通过将超声振动产生的大量微细驻波作为发射源,超声电喷推进将从根本上提高发射点的数目和密度,形成较大的推力密度。文章对超声电喷推进的发射机理进行了研究,得到相应的理论发射模型。通过对发射表面上微细驻波的形成过程、带电液滴的分离过程进行理论分析,建立了静电场条件下微细驻波波峰临界状态的平衡方程,推导出微细驻波波峰局部半径以及发射液滴尺寸的理论解,并提出了发射电流、比冲和推力的估算方程。在此基础上,分析了极间电场强度、超声振动频率、超声振动功率、推进剂性能黏度、推进剂表面张力系数和电导率对超声电喷推进性能的影响规律,并进行了试验验证。     

R0110重型燃气轮机分级燃烧室NOx排放试验研究

R0110重型燃气轮机是中国第1台具有自主知识产权的重型燃气轮机,其燃烧室按照干式低排放（Dry Low NOx,DLN）原理设计,采用燃料径向分级的燃烧技术.燃烧室设计包括2种分级燃烧模式,第Ⅰ模式为常规燃烧模式,第Ⅱ模式主要是针对NOx排放问题而设计的.2种燃烧模式试验研究结果表明：第Ⅱ模式较第Ⅰ模式在污染物排放方面有显著降低,但2种模式均未满足设计要求.通过对试验结果做简要的阐述及分析,提出可采取调整各燃烧区的燃料分配比例、改进燃烧室结构等措施和建议,以进一步改善燃烧室NOx排放特性.     

Deformation of the ionosphere structure during the space weather events on October–November 2003

We present the spatial maps of the ionosphere–plasmasphere slab thickness τ (ratio of the vertical total electron content, TEC, to the F-region peak electron density, NmF2) during the intense ionospheric storms of October–November 2003. The model-assisted technology for estimate of the upper boundary of the ionosphere, hup, from the slab thickness components in the bottomside and topside ionosphere – eliminating the plasmasphere contribution of τ – is applied at latitudes 35° to 70°N and longitudes −10° to 40°E, from the data of 20 observatories of GPS-TEC and ionosonde networks, for selected days and hours of October and November 2003. The daily–hourly values of NmF2, hmF2 and TECgps are used as the constrained parameters for the International Reference Ionosphere extended to the plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, during the ionospheric quiet days, positive and negative storm phases for estimate of τ and hup. Good correlation has been found between the slab thickness and the upper boundary of the ionosphere for the intense ionospheric storms at October–November 2003. During the negative phase of the ionospheric storm, when the ionospheric plasma density is exhausted, the nighttime upper boundary of the ionosphere is greatly uplifted towards the magnetosphere tail, while the daytime upper boundary of the ionosphere is reduced below 500 km over the Earth.     

Symmetry and asymmetry of ionospheric weather at magnetic conjugate points for two midlatitude observatories

Variations of the ionospheric weather W-index for two midlatitude observatories, namely, Grahamstown and Hermanus, and their conjugate counterpart locations in Africa are studied for a period from October 2010 to December 2011. The observatories are located in the longitude sector, which has consistent magnetic equator and geographic equator so that geomagnetic latitudes of the line of force are very close to the corresponding geographic latitudes providing opportunity to ignore the impact of the difference of the gravitational field and the geomagnetic field at the conjugate points on the ionosphere structure and dynamics. The ionosondes of Grahamstown and Hermanus provide data of the critical frequency (foF2), and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) provide the total electron content (TECgps) along the magnetic field line up to the conjugate point in the opposite hemisphere. The global model of the ionosphere, International Reference Ionosphere, extended to the plasmasphere altitude of 20,200 km (IRI-Plas) is used to deliver the F2 layer peak parameters from TECgps at the magnetic conjugate area. The evidence is obtained that the electron gas heated by day and cooled by night at the summer hemisphere as compared with the opposite features in the conjugate winter hemisphere testifies on a reversal of plasma fluxes along the magnetic field line by the solar terminator. The ionospheric weather W-index is derived from NmF2 (related with foF2) and TECgps data. It is found that symmetry of W-index behavior in the magnetic conjugate hemispheres is dominant for the equinoxes when plasma movement along the magnetic line of force is imposed on symmetrical background electron density and electron content. Asymmetry of the ionospheric storm effects is observed for solstices when the plasma diffuse down more slowly into the colder winter hemisphere than into the warmer summer hemisphere inducing either plasma increase (positive phase) or decrease (negative phase of W-index) in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric plasma density.     

VHF radio response of the near Earth space during solar activity growth in October, 2003

The analysis of observations of very high frequency radio noise intensity at the middle latitude on a frequency f = 500 MHz from 14th till 26th of October, 2003 is presented. These data are compared with the solar radio bursts in the range of frequencies 1–14 MHz registered by RAD2 receiver of the WAVES device installed on board the WIND spacecraft.     

电子照射对硅漂移探测器性能的影响

由于高能电子辐射的长期照射,新一代太阳X射线探测器硅漂移传感器的探测性能可能发生变化.通过用电子放射源模拟空间电子对硅漂移探测器进行辐射照射试验,以测试电子照射对传感器能量分辨率、效率、信号幅度等性能的影响.试验结果表明,长期的电子照射造成硅漂移探测器面损伤和体损伤,使其漏电流增大,信号幅度减小,能量分辨率也受到照射的影响,而探测效率未发生变化.